Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, 55108, USA.
J Chem Ecol. 2009 Dec;35(12):1384-410. doi: 10.1007/s10886-009-9724-3.
From 2000 through 2003 we used semiochemical-baited traps in northeastern Minnesota, USA, to assess changes in assemblages of subcortical forest insects after a catastrophic wind storm in 1999 and subsequent (1999-2000) fuel-reduction activities (salvage-logging and prescribed-burning). We determined the regional efficacy of fifteen semiochemical blends (pheromones and kairomones) as attractants for target and non-target subcortical insect species (Coleoptera: Anthribidae, Buprestidae, Cerambycidae, Cleridae, Cucujidae, Curculionidae, Histeridae, Nemonychidae, Salpingidae, Scolytidae, Tenebrionidae, and Hymenoptera: Siricidae). During the four summers, we trapped 86,471 subcortical insects (143 species) in baited and unbaited Lindgren funnel traps, and 500 beetles (44 species) in baited and unbaited pitfall traps. We report 23 new state collection records of subcortical insects from Minnesota. Trap catches of subcortical insects were greatest in the wind-disturbed areas 2 years after the event, and declined thereafter. Similar trends were observed for subcortical insects in the burned areas. Both wind-disturbance and burning increased the subcortical insect species richness and diversity on the landscape. The subcortical insect species compositions of the salvaged and burned forest areas differed from those of the undisturbed and wind-disturbed areas. Trap catches of subcortical insects in response to semiochemical treatments also varied with year of sampling and land-area treatment. The greatest diversity of subcortical beetle species was in traps baited with attractants for the scolytids, Dendroctonus valens [(+)-α-pinene and (−)-β-pinene] and Dryocoetes spp. [exo-brevicomin and (−)-α-pinene], perhaps reflecting the generic nature of the baits. The most distinct species compositions were collected in response to the woodborer and Dendroctonus simplex baits, whereas the species compositions in traps with the D. valens and Dryocoetes spp. baits, and the unbaited funnel trap were the most similar. The variation in trap catch with time and across landscapes suggests that the responses of subcortical insects to semiochemicals are more complex than previously appreciated.
从 2000 年到 2003 年，我们在美国明尼苏达州东北部使用了化学引诱剂诱捕器，以评估 1999 年灾难性风灾和随后（1999-2000 年）减少燃料活动（抢救性伐木和规定性燃烧）后亚皮层森林昆虫群落的变化。我们确定了 15 种半化学混合物（信息素和利它素）作为目标和非目标亚皮层昆虫物种（鞘翅目：Anthribidae、Buprestidae、 Cerambycidae、Cleridae、Cucujidae、Curculionidae、Histeridae、Nemonychidae、Salpingidae、Scolytidae、Tenebrionidae 和膜翅目：Siricidae）的引诱剂的区域效力。在四个夏天，我们在诱捕和未诱捕的林德格伦漏斗捕虫器中捕获了 86471 只亚皮层昆虫（143 种），在诱捕和未诱捕的陷阱中捕获了 500 只甲虫（44 种）。我们报告了 23 种来自明尼苏达州的新的亚皮层昆虫的州收藏记录。在事件发生两年后，受风干扰的地区的亚皮层昆虫诱捕量最大，此后下降。在燃烧区也观察到类似的趋势。风干扰和燃烧都增加了景观上的亚皮层昆虫物种丰富度和多样性。受抢救和燃烧影响的森林地区的亚皮层昆虫种类组成与未受干扰和受风干扰的地区不同。对半化学处理的亚皮层昆虫的诱捕量也随采样年份和土地面积处理而变化。在诱捕器中，用引诱剂处理鞘翅目昆虫的多样性最大，Dendroctonus valens [（+）-α-蒎烯和（-）-β-蒎烯]和 Dryocoetes spp. [外-短羧酸和（-）-α-蒎烯]，这可能反映了诱饵的一般性。在对木蠹蛾和 Dendroctonus simplex 诱饵的反应中收集到最独特的物种组成，而在对 D. valens 和 Dryocoetes spp. 诱饵和未诱捕漏斗捕虫器的反应中，物种组成最为相似。随着时间和整个景观的诱捕变化表明，亚皮层昆虫对半化学物质的反应比以前想象的更为复杂。
