Liu Dahui, Guo Lanping, Zhu Duanwei, Liu Wei, Jin Hang
College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2009 Oct;34(19):2444-8.
To study the characteristics of dry matter accumulation and N, P, K, Ca and Mg accumulation and distribution of Chrysanthemum morifolium.
The sampling were carried out on the different growing time of C. morifolium, and the amount of dry matter and the content of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in all parts of the plant were measured.
The dry matter accumulation was lineally increased with the absorption and accumulation of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg. In different growing periods, the accumulation and distribution of mineral nutrition were different in C. morifolium. The mineral nutrition was mostly in the leaf of the plant in the vegetative period. When the growth changed from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, the mineral nutrition was transferred and distributed into bud, flower and root shoot. And the period of flower bud differentiation of C. morifolium was the period of maximal accumulation of dry matter and showed the maximum efficiency of N, P and K nutrition. For production of 100 kg dry flower 4.13 kg N, 0.37 kg P, 5.03 kg K, 3.03 kg Ca and 0.81 kg Mg were needed. And the ratio of them was 1:0.09:1.22:0.73:0.20.
The period of flower bud differentiation is the most crucial period in the growth of C. morifolium. And it must pay attention to the supply of mineral nutrition and moisture of plant to promote flower formation and dry matter accumulation in this period. It is strongly recommended that the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be early applied, the nitrogenous fertilizer should be applied dividedly, and the calcium magnesium fertilizers are also applied properly.
研究菊花干物质积累以及氮、磷、钾、钙和镁的积累与分配特性。
于菊花不同生长时期进行采样，测定植株各部位干物质含量以及氮、磷、钾、钙和镁的含量。
干物质积累随氮、磷、钾、钙和镁的吸收积累呈线性增加。在菊花不同生长时期，矿质营养的积累与分配存在差异。营养生长期矿质营养大多集中在叶片中。当生长由营养生长向生殖生长转变时，矿质营养转移并分配到芽、花和根茎中。菊花花芽分化期是干物质积累最多的时期，且氮、磷、钾营养效率最高。生产100kg干花需要4.13kg氮、0.37kg磷、5.03kg钾、3.03kg钙和0.81kg镁，其比例为1:0.09:1.22:0.73:0.20。
花芽分化期是菊花生长过程中最关键的时期。在此期间必须注意植株矿质营养和水分的供应，以促进花芽形成和干物质积累。强烈建议早施磷肥和钾肥，氮肥分次施用，同时适当施用钙镁肥。
