Pediatric Neurology Unit, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
Epilepsia. 2010 Jul;51(7):1205-11. doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2009.02484.x. Epub 2010 Jan 7.
The aim of this study was to assess behavioral aspects of visual function and visuoperceptual abilities in patients with Panayiotopoulos syndrome (PS), and their possible associations with clinical and electroencephalography (EEG) findings in order to establish the possible effect of interictal paroxysmal activity on visual performance.
The cohort included 28 patients (14 male and 14 female) of ages ranging between 4 and 15 years. All patients underwent serial videopolygraphic studies and a detailed battery of tests assessing visual abilities, including assessment of acuity, stereopsis, visual fields, and visuoperceptual abilities; tests included the Movement Assessment Battery for Children, the Visuo Motor Integration tests, and evaluation of motion and form coherence threshold.
On the assessment of visual function, only 4 of the 28 (15%) had abnormal crowding acuity and one had abnormal stereopsis. On the visuoperceptual assessment, one patient had abnormal results on the Visuo Motor Integration tests, and one on the Movement Assessment Battery for Children, whereas 4 (15%) had abnormal results for form coherence threshold and one for motion threshold.
Our results suggest that, although most of our patients had focal or diffuse EEG abnormalities involving the occipital regions, abnormalities of visual and visuoperceptual function were relatively uncommon. Age at onset of seizure <5 years and EEG activation to eye closure and during sleep can be considered as factors that slightly increased the risk for developing visual abnormalities. Their presence, however, was not always associated with abnormal visual findings.
本研究旨在评估 Panayiotopoulos 综合征（PS）患者的视觉功能和视知觉能力的行为方面，并评估其与临床和脑电图（EEG）发现的可能关联，以确定发作间期阵发性活动对视功能的可能影响。
该队列包括 28 名年龄在 4 至 15 岁之间的患者（14 名男性和 14 名女性）。所有患者均接受了连续视频多谱图研究和详细的视觉能力测试，包括视力、立体视、视野和视知觉能力评估；测试包括儿童运动评估量表、视动整合测试以及运动和形态连贯性阈值评估。
在视觉功能评估中，28 名患者中仅有 4 名（15%）存在拥挤视力异常，1 名存在立体视异常。在视知觉评估中，1 名患者在视动整合测试中结果异常，1 名在儿童运动评估量表中结果异常，而 4 名（15%）在形态连贯性阈值和 1 名在运动阈值方面结果异常。
我们的结果表明，尽管大多数患者的 EEG 异常涉及枕区的局灶性或弥漫性异常，但视觉和视知觉功能的异常相对少见。癫痫发作的起始年龄<5 岁以及闭眼和睡眠期间的 EEG 激活可被视为略微增加发生视觉异常风险的因素。然而，它们的存在并不总是与异常的视觉发现相关。
