Gulczyński Jacek, Izycka-Swieszewska Ewa, Grzybiak Marek
Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Debinki 7, 80-211 Gdańsk.
Pol J Pathol. 2009;60(3):109-14.
We present the first part of work concerning the history of autopsy. During the development of the pathology the role of autopsy was changing. The attitude towards the human body was often a result of struggles between human will to learn and religious beliefs. The knowledge was built upon religious procedures (mummification) through medical and surgical care of the victims of fights and wars and first autopsies. Until the 13th century dissections were seldom performed, sometimes in public. The aims varied from strictly scientific and practical (surgery) to artistic (human body in arts). Later on physicians were learning how to draw conclusions from autopsy results including malformations, pathologies, diseases, causes of death in order to try to put right diagnoses.
我们展示了关于尸检历史的第一部分工作。在病理学的发展过程中，尸检的作用不断变化。对人体的态度往往是人类求知欲与宗教信仰之间斗争的结果。知识是通过对战斗和战争受害者的医疗和外科护理以及首次尸检，在宗教程序（木乃伊化）的基础上建立起来的。直到13世纪，解剖很少进行，有时是公开进行。其目的从严格的科学和实用（外科手术）到艺术（艺术中的人体）各不相同。后来，医生们学习如何从尸检结果中得出结论，包括畸形、病理、疾病、死因，以便尝试做出正确诊断。
