Children's Health Services Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
Am J Public Health. 2010 Mar;100(3):510-6. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2009.169771. Epub 2010 Jan 14.
We examined associations between perceived racial/ethnic discrimination, gender, and cigarette smoking among adolescents.
We examined data on Black and Latino adolescents aged 12 to 19 years who participated in the Moving to Opportunity study (N = 2561). Perceived discrimination was assessed using survey items asking about unfair treatment because of race/ethnicity in the prior 6 months. We used logistic regression to investigate associations between discrimination and smoking, stratified by gender and controlling for covariates.
One fourth of adolescents reported that discrimination had occurred in at least 1 location. Discrimination was associated with increased odds of smoking among boys (odds ratio [OR] = 1.9; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.2, 3.0) and decreased odds among girls (OR = 0.6; 95% CI = 0.3, 1.1). Discrimination at school or work contributed to associations for girls (OR = 0.3; 95% CI = 0.1, 0.9), and discrimination at shops (OR = 2.0; 95% CI = 1.1, 3.8) and by police (OR = 2.0; 95% CI = 1.2, 3.4) contributed to associations for boys.
Associations between discrimination and smoking differ by gender. Girls' decreased smoking in higher-discrimination settings may be a result of protective factors associated with where they spend time. Boys' increased smoking in higher-discrimination settings may reflect increased stress from gender-specific targeting by police and businesses.
我们研究了青少年感知到的种族/族裔歧视、性别与吸烟之间的关系。
我们研究了参与“迁居机会研究”的年龄在 12 至 19 岁的黑人和拉丁裔青少年的数据(N=2561)。使用调查问卷评估感知歧视,这些问卷询问了过去 6 个月中因种族/族裔而受到不公平待遇的情况。我们使用逻辑回归,根据性别分层并控制协变量,研究歧视与吸烟之间的关联。
四分之一的青少年报告至少在一个地方遭受过歧视。歧视与男孩吸烟的几率增加有关(比值比[OR] = 1.9;95%置信区间[CI] = 1.2,3.0),与女孩吸烟的几率减少有关(OR = 0.6;95% CI = 0.3,1.1)。学校或工作场所的歧视导致女孩吸烟几率的关联(OR = 0.3;95% CI = 0.1,0.9),商店(OR = 2.0;95% CI = 1.1,3.8)和警察(OR = 2.0;95% CI = 1.2,3.4)的歧视导致男孩吸烟几率的关联。
歧视与吸烟之间的关联因性别而异。在高歧视环境下,女孩吸烟减少可能是与她们所花费时间相关的保护因素所致。在高歧视环境中,男孩吸烟增加可能反映了警察和企业针对特定性别的压力增加。