Decision Research, Eugene, OR 97401, USA.
J Pers. 2009 Jun;77(3):731-60. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2009.00563.x. Epub 2009 Mar 13.
We report two studies investigating whether relationship satisfaction differentially influences the use of the "self-based heuristic" (SBH) or the degree to which an individual's own characteristics contribute to ratings of another's personality. Individuals rated themselves, a friend, and a person with whom they have experienced significant conflict (a "foe"); ratings were made on measures of the Big Five and trait affectivity. Replicating previous research, judges made greater use of the SBH when rating trait affectivity than when rating the Big Five. In addition, individuals were more likely to utilize the SBH when rating friends than when rating foes. Further, relationship satisfaction made significant independent contributions in accounting for the variance in trait ratings of others. These findings extend our understanding of the mechanisms involved with person perception beyond observable trait-related information.
我们报告了两项研究，旨在探讨关系满意度是否会对使用“自我为基础的启发式”（SBH）或个体自身特征对他人人格评价的贡献程度产生不同影响。个体对自己、朋友和经历过重大冲突的人（“敌人”）进行评价；评价采用大五人格和特质情感两个量表。研究结果与之前的研究一致，在评价特质情感时，判断者比在评价大五人格时更倾向于使用 SBH。此外，在评价朋友时，个体更倾向于使用 SBH，而在评价敌人时则不然。此外，关系满意度对他人特质评价的差异有显著的独立贡献。这些发现扩展了我们对涉及到个体感知的机制的理解，超越了可观察的与特质相关的信息。
