Department of Neurology, Stroke Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
Lancet Neurol. 2010 Jan;9(1):105-18. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(09)70266-2.
Patients who have had a stroke are susceptible to many complications. These individuals commonly have comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, or other ailments that increase the risks of systemic medical complications during stroke recovery. However, several complications can arise as a direct consequence of the brain injury itself, from the ensuing disabilities or immobility, or from stroke-related treatments. These events have a substantial effect on the final outcome of patients with stroke and often impede neurological recovery. Cardiac complications, pneumonias, venous thromboembolism, fever, pain, dysphagia, incontinence, and depression are particularly common after a stroke and usually require specific interventions for their prevention and treatment. However, there are few data to guide the management of these complications. Systematic investigations are therefore needed to further study the effects of medical complications on stroke recovery and to improve interventions for the prevention and treatment of these events.
中风患者易发生多种并发症。这些患者通常合并有高血压、糖尿病、心脏病或其他疾病，这会增加中风恢复期间发生全身医学并发症的风险。然而，一些并发症可能是中风导致的脑损伤本身、随之而来的残疾或活动受限或与中风相关的治疗直接引起的。这些事件对中风患者的最终结局有重大影响，常常阻碍神经功能恢复。中风后特别常见的并发症有心律失常、肺炎、静脉血栓栓塞、发热、疼痛、吞咽困难、尿失禁和抑郁，通常需要针对这些并发症进行特定的干预以预防和治疗。但是，目前用于指导这些并发症管理的数据很少。因此，需要系统地研究医学并发症对中风恢复的影响，并改进预防和治疗这些事件的干预措施。
