Department of Psychology and School of Education, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel 91905.
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2010 Apr;51(4):432-58. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02214.x. Epub 2010 Jan 18.
Autism is one of the most heritable neurodevelopmental conditions and has an early onset, with symptoms being required to be present in the first 3 years of life in order to meet criteria for the 'core' disorder in the classification systems. As such, the focus on identifying a prodrome over the past 20 years has been on pre-clinical signs or indicators that will be present very early in life, certainly in infancy. A number of novel lines of investigation have been used to this end, including retrospective coding of home videos, prospective population screening and 'high risk' sibling studies; as well as the investigation of pre- and peri-natal, brain developmental and other biological factors. While no single prodromal sign is expected to be present in all cases, a picture is emerging of indicative prodromal signs in infancy and initial studies are being undertaken to attempt to ameliorate early presentation and even 'prevent' emergence of the full syndrome.
自闭症是一种最具遗传性的神经发育障碍，发病时间早，在分类系统中，为了符合“核心”障碍的标准，症状必须在生命的头 3 年内出现。因此，过去 20 年来，人们一直关注识别自闭症的前兆，这些前兆是生命早期、甚至婴儿期就存在的临床前迹象或指标。为此，人们采用了多种新的研究方法，包括对家庭录像进行回顾性编码、前瞻性人群筛查和“高风险”兄弟姐妹研究；以及对产前、围产期、大脑发育和其他生物因素的研究。虽然预计不会在所有病例中都出现单一的自闭症前兆，但在婴儿期出现预示性自闭症前兆的情况正在逐渐显现，并且正在进行初步研究，试图改善早期表现，甚至“预防”全面综合征的出现。
