Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6145, USA.
Physiol Rev. 2010 Jan;90(1):1-22. doi: 10.1152/physrev.00018.2009.
Formation and function of the liver are highly controlled, essential processes. Multiple signaling pathways and transcriptional regulatory networks cooperate in this complex system. The evolutionarily conserved FOX, for Forkhead bOX, class of transcriptional regulators is critical to many aspects of liver development and function. The FOX proteins are small, mostly monomeric DNA binding factors containing the so-called winged helix DNA binding motif that distinguishes them from other classes of transcription factors. We discuss the biochemical and genetic roles of Foxa, Foxl1, Foxm1, and Foxo, as these have been shown to regulate many processes throughout the life of the organ, controlling both formation and function of the liver.
肝脏的形成和功能是高度受控制的重要过程。多个信号通路和转录调控网络在这个复杂的系统中协同作用。叉头框（FOX）转录因子家族是进化上保守的一类转录调控因子，对于肝脏的发育和功能的许多方面都至关重要。FOX 蛋白是小型的、大多数单体 DNA 结合因子，包含所谓的翼状螺旋 DNA 结合基序，这使它们与其他类别的转录因子区分开来。我们讨论了 Foxa、Foxl1、Foxm1 和 Foxo 的生化和遗传作用，因为它们已被证明可以调节器官整个生命周期中的许多过程，控制肝脏的形成和功能。
