Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
Eur J Hum Genet. 2010 Jun;18(6):726-32. doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2009.228. Epub 2010 Jan 20.
Isolated cleft lip with or without cleft palate and cleft palate are among the most common human birth defects. Several candidate gene studies on MSX1 have shown significant association between markers in MSX1 and risk of oral clefts, and re-sequencing studies have identified multiple mutations in MSX1 in a small minority of cases, which may account for 1-2% of all isolated oral clefts cases. We explored the 2-Mb region around MSX1, using a marker map of 393 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 297 cleft lip, with or without cleft palate, case-parent trios and 84 cleft palate trios from Maryland, Taiwan, Singapore, and Korea. Both individual markers and haplotypes of two to five SNPs showed several regions yielding statistical evidence for linkage and disequilibrium. Two genes (STK32B and EVC) yielded consistent evidence from cleft lip, with or without cleft palate, trios in all four populations. These two genes plus EVC2 also yielded suggestive evidence for linkage and disequilibrium among cleft palate trios. This analysis suggests that several genes, not just MSX1, in this region may influence risk of oral clefts.
孤立性唇裂伴或不伴腭裂和腭裂是最常见的人类出生缺陷之一。几项关于 MSX1 的候选基因研究表明,MSX1 中的标记物与口腔裂风险之间存在显著关联,重测序研究在极少数情况下发现了 MSX1 中的多个突变,这些突变可能占所有孤立性口腔裂病例的 1-2%。我们使用来自马里兰州、中国台湾、新加坡和韩国的 297 个唇裂伴或不伴腭裂病例-父母三体型和 84 个腭裂三体型的 393 个单核苷酸多态性(SNP)标记图谱,探索了 MSX1 周围的 2-Mb 区域。单个标记物和两个到五个 SNP 的单倍型显示出几个区域产生了连锁和不平衡的统计学证据。两个基因(STK32B 和 EVC)在所有四个群体的唇裂伴或不伴腭裂三体型中都提供了一致的证据。这两个基因加上 EVC2 也在腭裂三体型中提供了连锁和不平衡的暗示证据。这项分析表明,该区域的几个基因(不仅仅是 MSX1)可能会影响口腔裂的风险。
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