Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Department of Neurology, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA.
Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2010 Mar;10(3):421-9. doi: 10.1517/14712591003586806.
The cause and cure for multiple sclerosis (MS) remain unknown. Immunomodulatory agents are only partially effective and many patients do not tolerate the side effects or fail them. Immunosuppressive agents act non-specifically and are associated with serious complications. An emerging group of biologic agents with great potential for treatment of immune-mediated disorders such as MS are monoclonal antibodies. A review of alemtuzumab in MS is presented.
Mechanisms of action of alemtuzumab and the results of Phase II clinical trials in MS.
Alemtuzumab is a humanized mAb, which targets the surface molecule CD52 on all T cell populations and other cellular components of the immune system such as thymocytes, B cells, and monocytes. Alemtuzumab, which is administered intravenously, depletes T as well as B lymphocyte populations for extended periods. Adverse effects in MS patients such as thyroid disorders and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura are discussed.
Alemtuzumab may hold great promise for treatment of MS patients and serve as an option for patients refractory to immunomodulatory therapies. Due to its unique mechanism of action and profound effect on MS disease activity it enhances our knowledge about pathogenic mechanisms of MS.
多发性硬化症（MS）的病因和治疗仍然未知。免疫调节剂仅部分有效，许多患者不能耐受副作用或对其无效。免疫抑制剂作用不具有特异性，并且与严重的并发症相关。一类新兴的生物制剂具有治疗免疫介导的疾病（如 MS）的巨大潜力，它们是单克隆抗体。本文对阿仑单抗在 MS 中的应用进行了综述。
阿仑单抗的作用机制和在 MS 中的 II 期临床试验结果。
阿仑单抗是一种人源化 mAb，可靶向所有 T 细胞群以及免疫系统的其他细胞成分（如胸腺细胞、B 细胞和单核细胞）表面的 CD52 分子。阿仑单抗通过静脉内给药，可长时间耗尽 T 细胞和 B 淋巴细胞群。讨论了 MS 患者中的甲状腺疾病和特发性血小板减少性紫癜等不良反应。
阿仑单抗可能为 MS 患者的治疗带来巨大希望，并为对免疫调节治疗有抗性的患者提供一种选择。由于其独特的作用机制和对 MS 疾病活动的深刻影响，它增强了我们对 MS 发病机制的认识。
