Center for Health and Biological Sciences, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Eur J Neurosci. 2010 Feb;31(3):593-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07080.x. Epub 2010 Jan 25.
Cognitive performance usually declines in older adults as a result of neurodegenerative processes. One of the cognitive domains usually affected is decision-making. Based on our recent findings suggesting that non-invasive brain stimulation can improve decision-making in young participants, we studied whether bifrontal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) applied over the right and left prefrontal cortex of older adult subjects can change balance of risky and safe responses as it can in younger individuals. Twenty-eight subjects (age range from 50 to 85 years) performed a gambling risk task while receiving either anodal tDCS over the right and cathodal tDCS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), anodal tDCS over the left with cathodal tDCS over the right DLPFC, or sham stimulation. Our main finding was a significant group effect showing that participants receiving left anodal/right cathodal stimulation chose more often high-risk prospects as compared with participants receiving sham or those receiving right anodal/left cathodal stimulation. This result is contrary to previous findings in young subjects, suggesting that modulation of cortical activity in young and elderly results in opposite behavioral effects; thus supporting fundamental changes in cognitive processing in the elderly.
认知表现通常随着神经退行性过程在老年人中下降。通常受影响的认知领域之一是决策。基于我们最近的发现,即非侵入性脑刺激可以改善年轻参与者的决策能力,我们研究了双额叶经颅直流电刺激(tDCS)是否可以改变老年受试者左右前额叶皮层的平衡,就像它可以改变年轻个体的平衡一样。28 名受试者(年龄在 50 岁至 85 岁之间)在接受右侧阳极 tDCS 和左侧背外侧前额叶皮层(DLPFC)阴极 tDCS、左侧阳极 tDCS 和右侧 DLPFC 阴极 tDCS 或假刺激时,执行了一项赌博风险任务。我们的主要发现是一个显著的组效应,表明接受左阳极/右阴极刺激的参与者比接受假刺激或接受右阳极/左阴极刺激的参与者更频繁地选择高风险的前景。这一结果与年轻受试者的先前发现相反,表明年轻和老年人大脑皮层活动的调节会产生相反的行为效果;因此,支持老年人认知处理的根本变化。
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