Department of Thoracic Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8681, Japan.
Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2010 Mar;29(1):49-60. doi: 10.1007/s10555-010-9209-4.
KRAS and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are the two most frequently mutated proto-oncogenes in adenocarcinoma of the lung. The occurrence of these two oncogenic mutations is mutually exclusive, and they exhibit many contrasting characteristics such as clinical background, pathological features of patients harboring each mutation, and prognostic or predictive implications. Lung cancers harboring the EGFR mutations are remarkably sensitive to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as gefitinib or erlotinib. This discovery has dramatically changed the clinical treatment of lung cancer in that it almost doubled the duration of survival for lung cancer patients with an EGFR mutation. In this review, we describe the features of KRAS mutations in lung cancer and contrast these with the features of EGFR mutations. Recent strategies to combat lung cancer harboring KRAS mutations are also reviewed.
KRAS 和表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)是肺腺癌中最常发生突变的两个原癌基因。这两种致癌突变的发生是相互排斥的,它们表现出许多不同的特征,如临床背景、携带每种突变的患者的病理特征,以及预后或预测意义。携带 EGFR 突变的肺癌对 EGFR 酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(如吉非替尼或厄洛替尼)非常敏感。这一发现极大地改变了肺癌的临床治疗,使携带 EGFR 突变的肺癌患者的生存时间几乎延长了一倍。在这篇综述中,我们描述了肺癌中 KRAS 突变的特征,并将其与 EGFR 突变的特征进行了对比。还回顾了最近针对 KRAS 突变肺癌的治疗策略。