Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Forchheimer 702D, Bronx, NY 10471, USA.
Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2010 Feb;8(2):183-95. doi: 10.1586/eri.09.127.
The history of antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus spans more than half a century. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) has emerged as an almost ubiquitous pathogen in both the community and hospital settings. The predominant clone responsible for community-associated MRSA, USA300, is a highly successful pathogen, as demonstrated by its rapid global spread and associated morbidity and mortality. The management of MRSA infections in pediatric patients is complicated by the limited number of effective antibiotics that have been well-studied in children. The gold standard antimicrobial, vancomycin, has several shortcomings that have prompted the development of newer agents for the treatment of MRSA disease. Moreover, the emergence of vancomycin-intermediate or -resistant S. aureus, while uncommon, portends a potential new era of resistance that will require research and development of the next generation of antibiotics that act by novel mechanisms.
耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）在社区和医院环境中几乎无处不在，它的出现标志着金黄色葡萄球菌对抗生素耐药的历史已经超过半个世纪。导致社区相关性耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（CA-MRSA）的主要流行克隆 USA300 是一种非常成功的病原体，其在全球范围内迅速传播，并导致发病率和死亡率上升，这证明了这一点。由于在儿童中经过充分研究的有效抗生素数量有限，儿童耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌感染的治疗变得复杂。万古霉素作为金标准抗菌药物，存在多种缺陷，这促使人们研发了治疗耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌疾病的新型药物。此外，耐万古霉素中间或耐药金黄色葡萄球菌的出现虽然不常见，但预示着一个新的耐药时代的到来，这将需要通过新型机制作用的新一代抗生素的研究和开发。
