Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36571-000, Brazil.
Mycologia. 2010 Jan-Feb;102(1):69-82. doi: 10.3852/09-070.
Miconia calvescens (Melastomataceae) is a shrub or small tree native to the Neotropics that has become one of the worst invaders of forest ecosystems, particularly in Pacific islands such as Hawaii and French Polynesia. It has been a target for biological control for more than 10 y, both with arthropod and pathogen natural enemies. Until now Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp. miconiae was the only organism to be used in biological control against this weed. This fungus was introduced both in Hawaii and in French Polynesia in the late 1990s/early 2000s, where it has caused some damage to the weed, but it became evident that additional agents are needed to achieve adequate control. Exploratory surveys for plant pathogens as potential biocontrol agents of M. calvescens were undertaken in Brazil, Costa Rica and Ecuador and yielded a diverse list of pathogens, including one phytoplasma, two nematodes, one oomycete and numerous fungi. A study including the description of five fungal species found attacking M. calvescens was published recently. Herein the following additional fungi also belonging to the mycobiota of M. calvescens are described: Hyalosphaera ornata sp. nov, Microsphaeropsis miconiae sp. nov., Myrothecium miconiae sp. nov., Phyllachora miconiiphila sp. nov., as well as Hyalosphaera miconiae, Lembosia melastomatum and Microsphaeropsis clidemiae, which are recorded here for the first time on this host. Although preliminary our observations of damage to M. calvescens caused by these seven fungal species did not indicate any potential for use in classical biological control.
尖瓣紫金牛（野牡丹科）是一种原产于新热带地区的灌木或小乔木，已成为森林生态系统中最严重的入侵物种之一，特别是在夏威夷和法属波利尼西亚等太平洋岛屿。十多年来，人们一直将其作为生物防治的目标，利用节肢动物和病原体天敌进行防治。到目前为止，炭疽菌（Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp. miconiae）是唯一用于防治这种杂草的生物防治剂。这种真菌于 20 世纪 90 年代末/21 世纪初分别被引入夏威夷和法属波利尼西亚，在那里它对杂草造成了一些损害，但显然需要额外的制剂来实现充分的控制。在巴西、哥斯达黎加和厄瓜多尔进行了针对尖瓣紫金牛潜在植物病原体的生物防治剂的探索性调查，结果发现了多种病原体，包括一种植原体、两种线虫、一种卵菌和许多真菌。最近发表了一项包括描述攻击尖瓣紫金牛的五种真菌的研究。本文还描述了另外五种属于尖瓣紫金牛真菌区系的真菌：新种尖孢球腔菌（Hyalosphaera ornata sp. nov）、新种小球腔菌（Microsphaeropsis miconiae sp. nov）、新种拟茎点霉（Myrothecium miconiae sp. nov）、新种叶点霉（Phyllachora miconiiphila sp. nov），以及尖孢球腔菌（Hyalosphaera miconiae）、野牡丹长管蚜（Lembosia melastomatum）和小腔孢属（Microsphaeropsis clidemiae），这些都是首次在该宿主上记录的。尽管只是初步观察，但这七种真菌对尖瓣紫金牛造成的损害表明它们不具备用于经典生物防治的潜力。
