Dattée Yvette
J Soc Biol. 2009;203(4):333-6. doi: 10.1051/jbio/2009038. Epub 2010 Feb 1.
Rgulations on seeds and varieties established 80 years ago proved to be to be efficient for European agriculture. Genetic progress for many traits, such as yield resistance to pests and diseases, have been observed for all cultivated crops. Plant variety protection by the UPOV (Union Internationale pour la Protetion Végétable) sytem came into being with the adoption of the International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants by a diplomatic conference in Paris on December 2, 1961. At this point the rights of plant breeders were recognized on an international basis. The UPOV Convention provides a sui generis form of intellectual property protection which has been specifically adapted for the process of plant breeding and has been developed with the aim of encouraging breeders to develop new varieties of plants. In contrast, the European GM regulation is very difficult to apply, very expensive and limits the development of biotechnology in Europe, as well for research as for development.
80年前制定的种子和品种法规被证明对欧洲农业有效。在所有栽培作物中都观察到了许多性状的遗传进展，如对病虫害的抗性和产量。国际植物新品种保护联盟（UPOV）的植物品种保护体系随着1961年12月2日在巴黎举行的一次外交会议通过《国际植物新品种保护公约》而诞生。此时，植物育种者的权利在国际上得到了认可。UPOV公约提供了一种特殊形式的知识产权保护，这种保护是专门为植物育种过程而调整的，其目的是鼓励育种者培育新的植物品种。相比之下，欧洲的转基因法规很难实施，成本很高，并且限制了欧洲生物技术在研究和开发方面的发展。
