Bon Secours Health System, Liver Institute of Virginia, Richmond, VA, USA.
Clin Liver Dis. 2010 Feb;14(1):75-91; viii-ix. doi: 10.1016/j.cld.2009.11.013.
Acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a common cause of acute icteric hepatitis in adults. The vast majority of these patients resolve this acute infection and develop long-lasting immunity. In contrast, the vast majority of patients who develop chronic HBV have minimal symptoms and do not develop jaundice after becoming infected with HBV. These patients will frequently remain undiagnosed for years or decades. Approximately 1% of persons with acute HBV develop acute liver failure. Preventing acute HBV with vaccination is the best treatment. Although universal vaccination is now administered to newborns in many countries, the majority of adults have not been vaccinated and remain at risk. Because the majority of patients with acute HBV resolve this infection spontaneously, treatment with an oral anti-HBV agent is not necessary. However, the use of an oral anti-HBV agent is not unreasonable to use in a patient who is developing acute liver failure from severe acute HBV.
急性乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）是成人急性黄疸性肝炎的常见病因。绝大多数此类患者可清除急性感染并产生持久免疫力。相比之下，绝大多数发生慢性 HBV 感染的患者症状轻微，且感染 HBV 后不会出现黄疸。这些患者通常多年甚至数十年都未被诊断出来。约有 1%的急性 HBV 患者会发展为急性肝衰竭。预防急性 HBV 感染的最佳方法是接种疫苗。尽管现在许多国家都为新生儿普遍接种疫苗，但大多数成年人并未接种疫苗，仍存在感染风险。由于大多数急性 HBV 患者可自发清除该感染，因此无需使用口服抗 HBV 药物进行治疗。然而，对于因严重急性 HBV 而发生急性肝衰竭的患者，使用口服抗 HBV 药物并非不合理。
