Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
Ann Nutr Metab. 2010;56(2):119-26. doi: 10.1159/000275918. Epub 2010 Feb 4.
BACKGROUND/AIM: The objective of this study was to assess a hypothesized beneficial effect of fish consumption during the last trimester of pregnancy on adverse birth outcomes resulting from prenatal exposure to fine air particulate matter.
The cohort consisted of 481 nonsmoking women with singleton pregnancies, of 18-35 years of age, who gave birth at term. All recruited women were asked about their usual diet over the period of pregnancy. Measurements of particulate matter less than 2.5 mum in size (PM(2.5)) were carried out by personal air monitoring over 48 h during the second trimester of pregnancy. The effect of PM(2.5) and fish intake during gestation on the birth weight of the babies was estimated from multivariable linear regression models, which beside the main independent variables considered a set of potential confounding factors such as the size of the mother (height, prepregnancy weight), maternal education, parity, the gender of the child, gestational age and the season of birth.
The study showed that the adjusted birth weight was significantly lower in newborns whose mothers were exposed to particulate matter greater than 46.3 microg/m3 (beta coefficient = -97.02, p = 0.032). Regression analysis stratified by the level of maternal fish consumption (in tertiles) showed that the deficit in birth weight amounted to 133.26 g (p = 0.052) in newborns whose mothers reported low fish intake (<91 g/week). The birth weight deficit in newborns whose mothers reported medium (91-205 g/week) or higher fish intake (>205 g/week) was insignificant. The interaction term between PM(2.5) and fish intake levels was also insignificant (beta = -107,35, p = 0.215). Neither gestational age nor birth weight correlated with maternal fish consumption.
The results suggest that a higher consumption of fish by women during pregnancy may reduce the risk of adverse effects of prenatal exposure to toxicants and highlight the fact that a full assessment of adverse birth outcomes resulting from prenatal exposure to ambient hazards should consider maternal nutrition during pregnancy.
背景/目的：本研究旨在评估孕妇在妊娠末期摄入鱼类对产前暴露于细颗粒物（PM2.5）导致不良出生结局的有益影响。
该队列由 481 名年龄在 18-35 岁之间、不吸烟且单胎妊娠的孕妇组成。所有招募的孕妇均被要求报告其整个孕期的饮食情况。在妊娠中期的 48 小时内，通过个人空气监测仪测量 PM2.5 的浓度。通过多元线性回归模型，估计 PM2.5 和孕期鱼类摄入量对婴儿出生体重的影响，该模型除了主要的独立变量外，还考虑了一系列潜在的混杂因素，如母亲的体型（身高、孕前体重）、母亲的教育程度、产次、孩子的性别、妊娠周数和分娩季节。
研究表明，母亲暴露于 PM2.5 浓度大于 46.3μg/m3 的新生儿的调整后出生体重明显较低（β系数=-97.02，p=0.032）。按母亲鱼类摄入量水平（分为三分位）进行回归分析显示，报告低鱼类摄入量（<91g/周）的新生儿出生体重缺陷为 133.26g（p=0.052）。报告中等（91-205g/周）或高（>205g/周）鱼类摄入量的新生儿出生体重缺陷不显著。PM2.5 与鱼类摄入量水平之间的交互项也不显著（β=-107.35，p=0.215）。孕龄与鱼类摄入量均与新生儿出生体重无相关性。
研究结果表明，孕妇在孕期摄入更多的鱼类可能会降低产前暴露于有毒物质的不良影响的风险，并强调了在评估产前暴露于环境危害导致的不良出生结局时，应考虑孕妇孕期的营养状况。
