Fan Peng-Fei, Jiang Xue-Long
Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali, PR China.
Folia Primatol (Basel). 2010;81(1):1-9. doi: 10.1159/000279465. Epub 2010 Feb 4.
We studied the altitudinal ranging of one habituated group of black-crested gibbons (Nomascus concolor) at Dazhaizi, Mt. Wuliang, Yunnan, China, between March 2005 and April 2006. The group ranged from 1,900 to 2,680 m above sea level. Food distribution was the driving force behind the altitudinal ranging patterns of the study group. They spent 83.2% of their time ranging between 2,100 and 2,400 m, where 75.8% of important food patches occurred. They avoided using the area above 2,500 m despite a lack of human disturbance there, apparently because there were few food resources. Temperature had a limited effect on seasonal altitudinal ranging but probably explained the diel altitudinal ranging of the group, which tended to use the lower zone in the cold morning and the higher zone in the warm afternoon. Grazing goats, the main disturbance, were limited to below 2,100 m, which was defined as the high-disturbance area (HDA). Gibbons spent less time in the HDA and, when ranging there, spent more time feeding and travelling and less time resting and singing. Human activities directly influenced gibbon behaviour, might cause forest degradation and create dispersal barriers between populations.
2005年3月至2006年4月期间，我们对中国云南无量山大寨子一群习惯化的黑冠长臂猿（Nomascus concolor）的海拔活动范围进行了研究。该群体的活动海拔范围在海平面以上1900米至2680米之间。食物分布是研究群体海拔活动范围模式背后的驱动力。它们83.2%的时间在海拔2100米至2400米之间活动，这里有75.8%的重要食物斑块。尽管海拔2500米以上区域没有人类干扰，但它们仍避免使用该区域，显然是因为那里食物资源稀少。温度对季节性海拔活动范围的影响有限，但可能解释了该群体的昼夜海拔活动范围，即它们倾向于在寒冷的早晨使用较低区域，在温暖的下午使用较高区域。主要干扰因素——放牧山羊被限制在海拔2100米以下，该区域被定义为高干扰区（HDA）。长臂猿在高干扰区停留的时间较少，在该区域活动时，进食和移动的时间更多，休息和鸣叫的时间更少。人类活动直接影响长臂猿的行为，可能导致森林退化，并在种群之间形成扩散障碍。
