Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A, Datun Road Chaoyang District, 100101, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
Environ Manage. 2010 Apr;45(4):779-92. doi: 10.1007/s00267-010-9429-y. Epub 2010 Feb 5.
Biodiversity maintenance and soil improvement are key sustainable forestry objectives. Research on the effects of bamboo forest management on plant diversity and soil properties are therefore necessary in bamboo-growing regions, such as southeastern China's Shunchang County, that have not been studied from this perspective. We analyzed the effects of different Phyllostachys pubescens proportions in managed forests on vegetation structure and soil properties using pure Cunninghamia lanceolata forests as a contrast, and analyzed the relation between understory plants and environmental variables (i.e., topography, stand and soil characteristics) by canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). The forest with 80% P. pubescens and 20% hardwoods (such as Phoebe bournei, Jatropha curcas, Schima superba) maintained the highest plant diversity and best soil properties, with significantly higher plant diversity than the C. lanceolata forest, and better soil physicochemical and biological properties. The distribution of understory plants is highly related to environmental factors. Silvicultural disturbance strongly influenced the ability of different bamboo forests to maintain biodiversity and soil quality under extensive management, and the forest responses to management were consistent with the intermediate-disturbance hypothesis (i.e., diversity and soil properties were best at intermediate disturbance levels). Our results suggest that biodiversity maintenance and soil improvement are important management goals for sustainable bamboo management. To achieve those objectives, managers should balance the inputs and outputs of nutrients and protect understory plants by using appropriate fertilizer (e.g., organic fertilizer), adjusting stand structure, modifying utilization model and the harvest time, and controlling the intensity of culms and shoots harvests.
生物多样性维护和土壤改良是可持续林业的关键目标。因此，在尚未从这一角度进行研究的毛竹种植区（如中国东南部的顺昌县），有必要研究竹林管理对植物多样性和土壤特性的影响。我们分析了不同毛竹比例的人工林对植被结构和土壤特性的影响，以纯杉木林作为对照，并通过典范对应分析（CCA）分析了林下植物与环境变量（即地形、林分和土壤特征）之间的关系。毛竹比例为 80%、硬木（如闽楠、麻疯树、木荷）比例为 20%的林分维持着最高的植物多样性和最佳的土壤特性，其植物多样性显著高于杉木林，土壤理化和生物学特性也更好。林下植物的分布与环境因素高度相关。林分抚育干扰强烈影响不同竹林在粗放管理下维持生物多样性和土壤质量的能力，而林分对管理的响应与中度干扰假说一致（即多样性和土壤特性在中度干扰水平下最佳）。研究结果表明，生物多样性维护和土壤改良是可持续毛竹管理的重要目标。为了实现这些目标，管理者应通过使用适当的肥料（如有机肥）、调整林分结构、改变利用模式和收获时间以及控制竹秆和竹笋收获强度，来平衡养分的投入和产出，并保护林下植物。
