Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental, Escola Politécnica, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Prof. Aristides Novis, 02 - Federação, CEP 40210-910 Salvador, BA, Brazil.
J Hazard Mater. 2010 May 15;177(1-3):81-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.12.090. Epub 2009 Dec 29.
Organic pollutants in sediments are a worldwide problem because sediments act as sinks for hydrophobic, recalcitrant and hazardous compounds. Depending on biogeochemical processes these hydrocarbons are involved in adsorption, desorption and transformation processes and can be made available to benthic organisms as well as organisms in the water column through the sediment-water interface. Most of these recalcitrant hydrocarbons are toxic and carcinogenic, they may enter the food-chain and accumulate in biological tissue. Several approaches are being investigated or have been already used to remove organic hydrocarbons from sediments. This paper provides a review on types and sources of organic pollutants as well as their behavior in sediments. It presents the advantages and disadvantages of traditional sediment remediation techniques in use, such as dredging, capping and monitored natural attenuation. Furthermore, it describes new approaches with emphasis on bioremediation, like biostimulation, bioaugmentation and phytoremediation applied to sediments. These new techniques promise to be of lower impact and more cost efficient than traditional management strategies.
沉积物中的有机污染物是一个全球性的问题，因为沉积物是疏水性、难降解和有害化合物的汇。根据生物地球化学过程，这些碳氢化合物参与吸附、解吸和转化过程，并可以通过沉积物-水界面向底栖生物和水柱中的生物提供。这些难降解的碳氢化合物大多数是有毒和致癌的，它们可能进入食物链并在生物组织中积累。目前正在研究或已经使用几种方法来从沉积物中去除有机碳氢化合物。本文综述了有机污染物的类型和来源及其在沉积物中的行为。它介绍了传统沉积物修复技术的优缺点，如疏浚、覆盖和自然衰减监测。此外，它还描述了一些新的方法，重点是生物修复，如生物刺激、生物增强和植物修复在沉积物中的应用。这些新技术的影响较小，成本效益也比传统的管理策略高。
