Light Terry R, Gaffey John L
Loyola Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
J Hand Surg Am. 2010 Mar;35(3):474-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2009.12.020. Epub 2010 Feb 6.
Thumb hypoplasia is characterized by diminished thumb size, metacarpal adduction, metacarpophalangeal joint instability, thenar muscle hypoplasia or aplasia, extrinsic tendon dysplasia, and in the most severe cases, carpometacarpal joint instability or thumb aplasia. Severe thumb hypoplasia and aplasia are best treated by thumb ablation and pollicization of the index finger. Less severe thumb hypoplasia can be reconstructed by a combination of soft tissue release, first web space local flap coverage, metacarpophalangeal joint collateral ligament and capsule reconstruction, extrinsic tendon tenolysis, and muscle or tendon transfers.
拇指发育不全的特征为拇指尺寸减小、掌骨内收、掌指关节不稳定、大鱼际肌发育不全或缺失、外在肌腱发育异常，在最严重的情况下，还会出现腕掌关节不稳定或拇指缺失。严重的拇指发育不全和拇指缺失最好通过拇指切除及示指拇指化来治疗。不太严重的拇指发育不全可通过软组织松解、第一掌骨间隙局部皮瓣覆盖、掌指关节侧副韧带和关节囊重建、外在肌腱松解以及肌肉或肌腱转移等综合方法进行重建。
