Castro Leyre, Kennedy Philip L, Wasserman Edward A
Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process. 2010 Jan;36(1):23-38. doi: 10.1037/a0016326.
The authors explored whether pigeons can learn to discriminate simultaneously presented arrays of 16 identical (Same) visual items from arrays of 16 nonidentical (Different) visual items, when the correct choice was conditional on the presence of another cue: the color of the background. In one experiment, pigeons rapidly learned this task and, after training with arrays created from a 72-icon set, they exhibited nearly perfect transfer to novel testing arrays. In a second experiment, pigeons' accuracy to 24-, 20-, 12-, and 8-icon arrays during later testing remained as high as accuracy to training arrays; although accuracy declined with 4- and 2-icon arrays, it was still significantly above chance. In both experiments, pigeons' choice reaction time scores nicely complemented their choice accuracy scores. These results suggest that the conditional discrimination procedure is well suited to disclose same-different discrimination in pigeons and to elucidate the interaction between perception and abstraction in conceptual learning.
作者探究了鸽子能否学会在同时呈现的16个相同（相同）视觉项目的阵列与16个不同（不同）视觉项目的阵列之间进行辨别，此时正确的选择取决于另一个线索的存在：背景的颜色。在一个实验中，鸽子迅速学会了这项任务，并且在用由72个图标组成的阵列进行训练后，它们对新的测试阵列表现出了近乎完美的迁移能力。在第二个实验中，鸽子在后续测试中对24个、20个、12个和8个图标阵列的准确率与对训练阵列的准确率一样高；尽管对4个和2个图标阵列的准确率有所下降，但仍显著高于随机水平。在两个实验中，鸽子的选择反应时间得分很好地补充了它们的选择准确率得分。这些结果表明，条件辨别程序非常适合揭示鸽子的相同-不同辨别能力，并阐明概念学习中感知与抽象之间的相互作用。
