Stockholm University, Stress Research Institute, 109 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
Scand J Work Environ Health. 2010 Mar;36(2):150-62. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.2898. Epub 2010 Feb 9.
Compared to individuals who work during the day, shift workers are at higher risk of a range of metabolic disorders and diseases (eg, obesity, cardiovascular disease, peptic ulcers, gastrointestinal problems, failure to control blood sugar levels, and metabolic syndrome). At least some of these complaints may be linked to the quality of the diet and irregular timing of eating, however other factors that affect metabolism are likely to play a part, including psychosocial stress, disrupted circadian rhythms, sleep debt, physical inactivity, and insufficient time for rest and revitalization. In this overview, we examine studies on food and nutrition among shift workers [ie, dietary assessment (designs, methods, variables) and the factors that might influence eating habits and metabolic parameters]. The discussion focuses on the quality of existing dietary assessment data, nutritional status parameters (particularly in obesity), the effect of circadian disruptions, and the possible implications for performance at work. We conclude with some dietary guidelines as a basis for managing the nutrition of shift workers.
与白天工作的人相比，轮班工作者患一系列代谢紊乱和疾病（如肥胖、心血管疾病、消化性溃疡、胃肠道问题、血糖控制失败和代谢综合征）的风险更高。然而，这些抱怨至少有一部分可能与饮食质量和进食时间不规律有关，其他影响新陈代谢的因素也可能发挥作用，包括心理社会压力、昼夜节律紊乱、睡眠债、身体活动不足以及休息和恢复的时间不足。在这篇综述中，我们研究了轮班工人的食物和营养[即饮食评估（设计、方法、变量）以及可能影响饮食习惯和代谢参数的因素]。讨论重点是现有饮食评估数据的质量、营养状况参数（特别是肥胖）、昼夜节律紊乱的影响，以及对工作表现的可能影响。最后，我们提出了一些饮食指南，作为管理轮班工人营养的基础。
