Makovski Tal, Swallow Khena M, Jiang Yuhong V
Department of Psychology and Center for Cognitive Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN 55455, USA.
J Vis. 2010 Jan 8;10(1):1.1-16. doi: 10.1167/10.1.1.
In many visual illusions, the perceived features of an object such as its size or orientation are influenced by nearby objects. In contrast, the presence of nearby, static objects often enhances the perceived spatial location of another object. Here we present a type of visual illusion in which the presence of a static object alters another object's perceived location. Participants localized the edge of a briefly presented and masked target object. Localization was accurate when the masked target was presented in isolation. However, when another nearby object was presented at the same time as the target, localization deviated toward the nearby object (the "attractor"). This "visual attractor illusion" was stronger when the attractor object was task-relevant rather than irrelevant and diminished as the experiment progressed, suggesting that it was modulated by attention. Visual transients also play an important role in the illusion, which depends on the sudden onset of the attractor object and backward masking of the target. We suggest that the brief appearance of an object (the attractor) distorts perceptual space and draws in the perceived location of a neighboring object. Alternatively, localization of a masked target may be weighted toward the position of a concurrently presented visual transient.
在许多视觉错觉中，物体的感知特征，如大小或方向，会受到附近物体的影响。相比之下，附近静态物体的存在通常会增强对另一个物体空间位置的感知。在此，我们呈现一种视觉错觉，即静态物体的存在会改变另一个物体的感知位置。参与者对一个短暂呈现并被掩蔽的目标物体的边缘进行定位。当掩蔽目标单独呈现时，定位是准确的。然而，当与目标同时呈现另一个附近物体时，定位会朝着附近物体（“吸引物”）偏移。当吸引物物体与任务相关而非无关时，这种“视觉吸引错觉”更强，并且随着实验的进行而减弱，这表明它受到注意力的调节。视觉瞬变在这种错觉中也起重要作用，它取决于吸引物物体的突然出现以及目标的逆向掩蔽。我们认为，一个物体（吸引物）短暂出现会扭曲感知空间，并吸引相邻物体感知位置。或者，被掩蔽目标的定位可能会偏向同时呈现的视觉瞬变的位置。
