Department of Psychology and the Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563, USA.
Neuron. 2010 Jan 14;65(1):7-19. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2009.11.031.
One literature treats the hippocampus as a purely cognitive structure involved in memory; another treats it as a regulator of emotion whose dysfunction leads to psychopathology. We review behavioral, anatomical, and gene expression studies that together support a functional segmentation into three hippocampal compartments: dorsal, intermediate, and ventral. The dorsal hippocampus, which corresponds to the posterior hippocampus in primates, performs primarily cognitive functions. The ventral (anterior in primates) relates to stress, emotion, and affect. Strikingly, gene expression in the dorsal hippocampus correlates with cortical regions involved in information processing, while genes expressed in the ventral hippocampus correlate with regions involved in emotion and stress (amygdala and hypothalamus).
有文献将海马体视为一个纯粹的认知结构，参与记忆；另一些文献则将其视为情绪的调节者，其功能障碍导致精神病理学。我们回顾了行为、解剖和基因表达研究，这些研究共同支持将海马体分为三个功能区：背侧、中间和腹侧。背侧海马体与灵长类动物的后海马体相对应，主要执行认知功能。腹侧（灵长类动物的前侧）与应激、情绪和情感有关。引人注目的是，背侧海马体的基因表达与参与信息处理的皮质区域相关，而腹侧海马体的基因表达与涉及情绪和应激的区域（杏仁核和下丘脑）相关。
