埃及伊蚊中独特的黑化途径。
Distinct melanization pathways in the mosquito Aedes aegypti.
机构信息
Department of Entomology and the Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
出版信息
Immunity. 2010 Jan 29;32(1):41-53. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2009.11.011.
Serine protease cascades are involved in blood coagulation and immunity. In arthropods, they regulate melanization, which plays an important role in immune defense and wound healing. However, the mechanisms underlying melanization pathways are not completely characterized. We found that in the mosquito Aedes aegypti, there are two distinct melanization activation pathways carried out by different modules of serine proteases and their specific inhibitors serpins. Immune melanization proteases (IMP-1 and IMP-2) and Serpin-1 mediate hemolymph prophenoloxidase cleavage and immune response against the malaria parasite. Tissue melanization, exemplified by the formation of melanotic tumors, is controlled by tissue melanization protease (CLIPB8), IMP-1, and Serpin-2. In addition, serine proteases CLIPB5 and CLIPB29 are involved in activation of Toll pathway by fungal infection or by infection-independent manner, respectively. Serpin-2 is implicated in the latter activation of Toll pathway. This study revealed the complexity underlying melanization and Toll pathway in mosquitoes.
丝氨酸蛋白酶级联反应参与了血液凝固和免疫反应。在节肢动物中，它们调节黑化作用，黑化在免疫防御和伤口愈合中起着重要作用。然而，黑化途径的机制尚未完全阐明。我们发现，在蚊子埃及伊蚊中，有两条不同的黑化激活途径，由不同的丝氨酸蛋白酶模块及其特异性抑制剂丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂（serpins）执行。免疫黑化蛋白酶（IMP-1 和 IMP-2）和丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂-1 介导血淋巴原酚氧化酶的切割，并对疟原虫产生免疫反应。组织黑化，以形成黑化肿瘤为例，由组织黑化蛋白酶（CLIPB8）、IMP-1 和丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂-2 控制。此外，丝氨酸蛋白酶 CLIPB5 和 CLIPB29 分别参与了真菌感染或感染非依赖性方式诱导的 Toll 途径的激活。丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂-2 参与了后者 Toll 途径的激活。本研究揭示了蚊子中黑化和 Toll 途径的复杂性。
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