Crosby M C, English A
ACLU Foundation of Northern California, San Francisco.
J Adolesc Health. 1991 Mar;12(2):143-7. doi: 10.1016/0197-0070(91)90457-w.
Laws mandating parental involvement in the abortion decisions of pregnant adolescents exist in contrast to "medical emancipation" laws permitting competent minors to consent to their own care. Mandatory parental involvement laws have been the subject of extensive litigation. The Constitution of the United States requires states mandating parental consent or notification to offer the option of a "judicial bypass." In court proceedings, mature minors must be permitted to make their own decisions. Parental involvement/judicial bypass laws, when implemented, have failed to promote family consultation and have had adverse consequences for the pregnant adolescents they affect. States are permitted but not required by the federal Constitution to enact parental involvement/judicial bypass laws. Courts have prevented some of these laws from taking effect based on privacy guarantees in state constitutions. A few states have enacted alternative laws to ensure careful decision making and appropriate family or adult guidance and support.
与允许有行为能力的未成年人自行同意接受治疗的“医疗自主”法律相反，存在要求父母参与怀孕青少年堕胎决定的法律。强制父母参与的法律一直是广泛诉讼的主题。美国宪法要求强制父母同意或通知的州提供“司法绕过”选项。在法庭程序中，必须允许成熟的未成年人自行做决定。父母参与/司法绕过法律在实施时未能促进家庭协商，对受其影响的怀孕青少年产生了不利后果。联邦宪法允许但不要求各州制定父母参与/司法绕过法律。法院基于州宪法中的隐私保障，阻止了其中一些法律生效。一些州制定了替代法律，以确保谨慎决策以及适当的家庭或成人指导与支持。
