Department of Health and Human Development, Montana State University, Box 173540, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.
Metabolism. 2010 Oct;59(10):1456-64. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2010.01.010. Epub 2010 Feb 13.
To increase understanding of the interaction between macronutrients and insulin resistance (IR), this study sought to determine the influence of macronutrient intake and anthropometric differences on IR and inflammation responses to eccentric resistance exercise. Men and women (n = 12, 19-36 years old) participated in a crossover study and completed 6 sets of 10 unilateral maximal eccentric contractions of the elbow flexors and extensors followed by controlled diet conditions for the first 8 hours postexercise of carbohydrate/fat/protein proportions of either 75%/15%/10% (CHO) or 6%/70%/24% (FAT/PRO). Fasting glucose, insulin, homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) variables, and interleukin (IL)-1β were measured preexercise and 23 hours postexercise (additional measures of glucose and insulin 1 hour after meals consumed 0.5, 3, and 7 hours postexercise). Insulin increased more (P < .01) in the CHO compared with the FAT/PRO condition at 1.5, 4, and 8 hours postexercise. Insulin, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-β-cell function increased 23 hours postexercise in both conditions, whereas IL-1β increased 23 hours postexercise only in the CHO condition. Magnitude of change (Δ) for these variables associated positively with body mass index (BMI) and waist to hip ratio (WHR) in the CHO and inversely in the FAT/PRO condition; that is, r = 0.53 (P = .10) and r = -0.82 (P < .01) for BMI vs Δ insulin in CHO and FAT/PRO conditions, respectively. The Δ IL-1β associated with BMI (r = 0.62, P < .05) and WHR (r = 0.84, P < .01) in the CHO condition. The CHO enhanced IR and inflammation as BMI and WHR increased, whereas fat and protein enhanced IR as BMI and WHR decreased. Thus, BMI and WHR may need to be taken into account in the development of nutritional strategies to prevent IR.
为了增加对宏量营养素和胰岛素抵抗（IR）之间相互作用的理解，本研究旨在确定宏量营养素摄入和人体测量学差异对离心抗阻运动后 IR 和炎症反应的影响。男性和女性（n = 12，19-36 岁）参加了一项交叉研究，在运动后 8 小时内完成了 6 组 10 次单侧最大离心肘屈伸收缩，随后进行了控制饮食条件，碳水化合物/脂肪/蛋白质比例分别为 75%/15%/10%（CHO）或 6%/70%/24%（FAT/PRO）。在运动前和运动后 23 小时测量空腹血糖、胰岛素、稳态模型评估（HOMA）变量和白细胞介素（IL）-1β，在运动后 0.5、3 和 7 小时后还测量了餐后 1 小时的葡萄糖和胰岛素。与 FAT/PRO 条件相比，CHO 条件下的胰岛素在运动后 1.5、4 和 8 小时的增加更为明显（P <.01）。在两种条件下，胰岛素、HOMA-IR 和 HOMA-β细胞功能在运动后 23 小时增加，而 IL-1β仅在 CHO 条件下在运动后 23 小时增加。这些变量的变化幅度（Δ）与 CHO 条件下的体重指数（BMI）和腰臀比（WHR）呈正相关，与 FAT/PRO 条件下呈负相关；即 CHO 条件下 BMI 与Δ胰岛素呈正相关（r = 0.53，P =.10），FAT/PRO 条件下 BMI 与Δ胰岛素呈负相关（r = -0.82，P <.01）。CHO 条件下，Δ IL-1β与 BMI（r = 0.62，P <.05）和 WHR（r = 0.84，P <.01）呈正相关。CHO 增强了 IR 和炎症，因为 BMI 和 WHR 增加，而脂肪和蛋白质增强了 IR，因为 BMI 和 WHR 降低。因此，在制定预防 IR 的营养策略时，可能需要考虑 BMI 和 WHR。
