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旺巴野生倭黑猩猩群:植被和树种选择以及群大小与群体大小之间的关系。

Nest groups of wild bonobos at Wamba: selection of vegetation and tree species and relationships between nest group size and party size.

机构信息

Research Center for Ecology and Forestry, Ministry of Scientific Research, Mabali, Mbandaka, D.R. Congo.

出版信息

Am J Primatol. 2010 Jun;72(7):575-86. doi: 10.1002/ajp.20810.

Abstract

We examined the location of nest groups, spatial distribution of nests within a nest group, and attributes of individual nests of wild bonobos at Wamba, Democratic Republic of Congo. We also examined the seasonal factors influencing nesting behavior and compared the nest group size with the 1 hr party size during daytime. We defined a nest group to be a cluster of nests that were built in the same evening and found within 30 m from the other nearest nest. Examination of the largest gap within a nest group suggested that 30 m was an acceptable cutoff value. Monthly rainfall or fruit abundance did not significantly influence the monthly mean nest group size. Nests were built in the swamp forest for as many as 13% observation days, suggesting the need for reevaluation of the use of swamp forest by bonobos. The use of swamp forest was influenced not by seasonal rainfall or fruit abundance, but by the fruiting of specific species. Preferred tree species for building nests accounted for 19.8% of standing trees, which suggested that the selection of sleeping sites was not largely restricted by the distribution of specific species. The mean 1 hr party size was almost identical through the day and was similar to the mean nest group size. Parties of bonobos sometimes split into smaller nest groups, especially when feeding on non-preferred fruits during fruit scarcity. By contrast, when feeding on preferred fruits while ranging in large parties, they often aggregated to form even larger nest groups. When sleeping in small- or middle-sized nest groups, they tended to aggregate the next morning. These tendencies may reflect the gregarious nature of bonobos who prefer to range or sleep together as far as circumstances allow.

摘要

我们研究了野生倭黑猩猩在刚果民主共和国万巴的巢穴群的位置、巢群内巢穴的空间分布,以及单个巢穴的属性。我们还研究了影响筑巢行为的季节性因素,并比较了巢群大小与白天 1 小时群体大小。我们将一个巢群定义为当晚建造且距离其他最近巢穴 30 米内的一组巢穴。对巢群内最大间隔的检查表明,30 米是一个可接受的截止值。每月降雨量或果实丰度对每月平均巢群大小没有显著影响。有多达 13%的观察日发现倭黑猩猩在沼泽森林中筑巢,这表明需要重新评估倭黑猩猩对沼泽森林的利用。沼泽森林的利用不受季节性降雨或果实丰度的影响,而是受特定物种果实的影响。用于筑巢的首选树种占立木的 19.8%,这表明睡眠地点的选择并没有受到特定物种分布的很大限制。白天的 1 小时群体大小几乎相同,与平均巢群大小相似。当倭黑猩猩在果实稀缺时食用非首选水果时,群体有时会分裂成更小的巢群。相比之下,当它们在大群体中以首选水果为食时,它们经常聚集在一起形成更大的巢群。当在小或中等大小的巢群中睡觉时,它们往往会在第二天早上聚集在一起。这些趋势可能反映了倭黑猩猩的群居本性,只要环境允许,它们就喜欢一起觅食或睡觉。

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