Drexel University College of Medicine, 1427 Vine Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA.
Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2010 Mar;11(4):637-48. doi: 10.1517/14656561003610656.
Hyponatremia (serum sodium concentration < 136 mEq/liter) is a common and potentially life-threatening medical comorbidity seen in patients with psychotic disorders. Tolvaptan, a selective antagonist of the V(2)-receptor, is FDA-approved for the treatment of clinically significant hypervolemic and euvolemic hyponatremia. This represents a major development in the care of psychotic individuals with hyponatremia.
This review provides an overview of the existing literature on prevalence rates and risk factors associated with hyponatremia in psychotic patients (1923 - present). Tolvaptan is discussed as a potential advance in the treatment of hyponatremia in patients with psychotic disorders, and preliminary data are reviewed.
The reader will gain an appreciation of the prevalence of hyponatremia among psychotic individuals, an understanding of the distinctions between acute and chronic hyponatremia in this population, and awareness that effective treatments are becoming available.
A modest literature exists regarding prevalence rates and risk factors associated with hyponatremia in psychotic populations. Hyponatremia is common and serious enough to merit clinical concern. Perhaps, now that tolvaptan has been FDA-approved, progress will accelerate and new insights will develop that begin to bring relief from this medical comorbidity among psychotic patients.
低钠血症（血清钠浓度<136mEq/升）是一种常见且可能危及生命的精神障碍患者合并症。托伐普坦是 V2-受体的选择性拮抗剂，已获得 FDA 批准用于治疗临床上显著的高容量性和等容量性低钠血症。这是精神障碍个体低钠血症治疗的重大进展。
本文综述了现有的关于精神障碍患者低钠血症的患病率和相关风险因素的文献（1923 年至今）。托伐普坦被认为是治疗精神障碍患者低钠血症的潜在进展，并回顾了初步数据。
读者将了解精神障碍个体低钠血症的患病率，了解该人群中急性和慢性低钠血症的区别，并意识到有效的治疗方法正在出现。
关于精神障碍人群中低钠血症的患病率和相关风险因素的文献有限。低钠血症很常见，也很严重，值得临床关注。也许，现在托伐普坦已经获得 FDA 批准，进展将加速，新的见解将发展，开始为精神障碍患者带来这种合并症的缓解。
