Department of Soils, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India.
Environ Monit Assess. 2011 Jan;172(1-4):571-9. doi: 10.1007/s10661-010-1355-1. Epub 2010 Feb 19.
The village ponds were used for storing rainwater for animals and recharging of underground water. Recent developments like public water supply for household purpose, provision of household wastewater concrete channels, and toilet septic tanks have polluted the village ponds. The infiltration of water has decreased due to non-cleaning of silt from the pond beds. Increased discharge of wastewater from households, coupled with a low infiltration rate, has inundated these ponds. People have abandoned the use of this water for animals. An effort has been made to assess the suitability of this water for irrigation in the vicinity so as to clean these ponds. Seventy-eight water samples were collected from the village ponds in the Ludhiana district of Punjab. The samples were analyzed for total solids (TS), total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), electrical conductivity (EC), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), nitrogen, water soluble P and K, as well as micronutrients and pollutant elements. The total solids content of these waters were on the higher side. Considering TSS, BOD, and COD, some of these waters are unsafe for their disposal in river or water bodies. Electrical conductivity ranged from 693 to 5050 μmhos/cm, and RSC varied between -1.9 and 22.8 meq/l. The inorganic N (NH+₄+ NO-₃-N) and total Kjeldahl N ranged from 3 to 30 and 8 to 41 mg/l, respectively. The amount of micronutrients (Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn) present in pond water indicated its high nutrient value. The content of the pollutant elements such as nickel, cadmium, and lead was below the maximum permissible limits, thereby indicating its suitability for irrigation. According to the EC and RSC criteria, 18% of the samples were fit, 31% were marginal, and 51% were unfit for irrigation. The data indicate that these waters are a good source of nutrients for agriculture.
村庄池塘曾被用于储存雨水供动物使用和地下水回灌。然而，最近的一些发展，如家庭用水的公共供水、家庭污水混凝土渠道和厕所化粪池的提供，已经污染了这些村庄池塘。由于池塘床没有清理淤泥，水的渗透量已经减少。家庭污水排放量的增加，加上低渗透速率，已经淹没了这些池塘。人们已经放弃将这些水用于动物。为了清理这些池塘，已经努力评估附近这些水用于灌溉的适宜性。从旁遮普邦 Ludhiana 区的村庄池塘中采集了 78 个水样。对这些水样进行了总固体（TS）、总溶解固体（TDS）、总悬浮固体（TSS）、生化需氧量（BOD）、化学需氧量（COD）、电导率（EC）、残余碳酸钠（RSC）、氮、水溶性 P 和 K 以及微量元素和污染物元素的分析。这些水的总固体含量偏高。考虑到 TSS、BOD 和 COD，其中一些水由于不安全而不能直接排入河流或水体。电导率范围为 693 至 5050 μmhos/cm，RSC 范围为-1.9 至 22.8 meq/l。无机 N（NH₄+和 NO₃-N）和总凯氏氮（Kjeldahl N）分别为 3 至 30 和 8 至 41 mg/l。池塘水中存在的微量元素（Zn、Cu、Fe 和 Mn）的含量表明其具有高营养价值。镍、镉和铅等污染物元素的含量低于最大允许限值，表明其适合灌溉。根据 EC 和 RSC 标准，有 18%的样本是适宜的，31%是边缘的，51%是不适宜灌溉的。数据表明，这些水是农业的良好营养来源。
