Crop and Soil Science Department, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802-3504, USA.
J Environ Qual. 2010 Feb 19;39(2):587-95. doi: 10.2134/jeq2009.0172. Print 2010 Mar-Apr.
Spent foundry sand (SFS) could be used with compost to produce blended synthetic topsoil material but many environmental agencies restrict such use out of concern for leaching and plant uptake of contaminants in SFS. A 3 yr field experiment assessed the potential for contaminant leaching and plant uptake from natural soils and blended synthetic topsoils made with three SFSs and three composts. Plots were instrumented with lysimeters and planted with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Growth was better on blended soils than natural soils and tissue content of most nutrients and trace elements remained within normal ranges in plants grown on both blended and natural soils, though concentrations of N, P, K, S, B, Cu, Mo, and Zn were larger from some of the blended soils. Blended soils leached more P and K than natural soils and blended soil made with low C/N ratio compost leached more NH(4) than the natural soil. All blended soils leached more Cu, and some leached more As, Mo, and Zn than natural soils. With the exception of As in leachates from one blended soil no trace elements exceeded drinking water standards. None of the 13 polyaromatic hydrocarbons or 11 phenolics analyzed was detected in the leachates. We conclude use of SFS in blended soils presents low risk from trace metal or organic contaminants in SFS. Blended soils with SFS and compost perform well as topsoil substitutes and the greatest environmental risk is N and P leaching from use of low C/N ratio or immature composts.
废弃铸造砂（SFS）可以与堆肥混合制成合成表土材料，但许多环保机构出于对 SFS 淋溶和植物吸收污染物的担忧而限制了这种用途。一项为期 3 年的田间试验评估了来自天然土壤和三种 SFS 与三种堆肥制成的混合合成表土中污染物淋溶和植物吸收的潜力。用渗滤计对试验田进行了仪器安装并种植了多年生黑麦草（Lolium perenne L.）。混合土壤上的生长情况好于天然土壤，且在混合和天然土壤上生长的植物中，大多数养分和痕量元素的组织含量仍在正常范围内，尽管一些混合土壤中 N、P、K、S、B、Cu、Mo 和 Zn 的浓度较大。混合土壤比天然土壤淋溶出更多的 P 和 K，而 C/N 比值较低的混合土壤淋溶出的 NH4 比天然土壤多。所有混合土壤都比天然土壤淋溶出更多的 Cu，一些混合土壤比天然土壤淋溶出更多的 As、Mo 和 Zn。除了一种混合土壤中的浸出液中含有 As 外，没有一种痕量元素超过饮用水标准。在淋出液中没有检测到 13 种多环芳烃或 11 种酚类物质。我们得出结论，SFS 在混合土壤中的使用不会带来 SFS 中痕量金属或有机污染物的风险。SFS 与堆肥混合制成的混合土壤作为表土替代品性能良好，最大的环境风险是使用 C/N 比值低或不成熟的堆肥导致的 N 和 P 淋溶。
