Liepelt Roman, Brass Marcel
Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Department of Psychology, Leipzig, Germany.
Exp Psychol. 2010;57(3):221-7. doi: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000028.
There is recent evidence that we directly map observed actions of other agents onto our own motor repertoire, referred to as direct matching (Iacoboni et al., 1999). This was shown when we are actively engaged in joint action with others' (Sebanz et al. 2003) and also when observing irrelevant movements while executing congruent or incongruent movements (Brass et al., 2000). However, an open question is whether direct matching in human beings is limited to the perception of intentional agents. Recent research provides contradictory evidence with respect to the question whether the direct matching system has a biological bias possibly emerging from perceptual differences of the stimulus display. In this study all participants performed a motor priming task observing the identical animation showing finger lifting movements of a hand in a leather glove. Before running the experiment we presented either a human hand or a wooden analog hand wearing the leather glove. We found a motor priming effect for both human and wooden hands. However, motor priming was larger when participants believed that they interacted with a human hand than when they believed to interact with a wooden hand. The stronger motor priming effect for the biological agent suggests that the "direct matching system" is tuned to represent actions of animate agents.
最近有证据表明，我们会将观察到的其他主体的动作直接映射到自己的运动技能库中，这被称为直接匹配（Iacoboni等人，1999年）。当我们与他人积极参与联合行动时（Sebanz等人，2003年），以及在执行一致或不一致动作时观察无关动作时（Brass等人，2000年），都证明了这一点。然而，一个悬而未决的问题是，人类的直接匹配是否仅限于对有意向的主体的感知。最近的研究就直接匹配系统是否存在可能源于刺激显示的感知差异的生物学倾向这一问题提供了相互矛盾的证据。在本研究中，所有参与者都执行了一项运动启动任务，观察相同的动画，动画显示一只戴皮手套的手的手指抬起动作。在进行实验之前，我们展示了一只人手或一只戴着皮手套的木制仿手。我们发现人手和木手都有运动启动效应。然而，当参与者认为他们在与一只人手互动时，运动启动效应比他们认为在与一只木手互动时更大。对生物主体更强的运动启动效应表明，“直接匹配系统”被调整为表征有生命主体的动作。
