Derntl Birgit, Seidel Eva-Maria, Kainz Elisabeth, Carbon Claus-Christian
Institute for Clinical, Biological and Differential Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Perception. 2009;38(12):1849-62. doi: 10.1068/p6448.
It has been repeatedly shown that face inversion affects the recognition of emotional faces. However, previous results are heterogeneous concerning the affected emotions and the influence of presentation time is unclear. We examined the impact of limited presentation time (200 ms) on the face-inversion effect during recognition of basic emotions in 128 healthy young adults. Data analysis revealed differential inversion effects for emotional expressions, further modified by limitation of presentation time: when presentation was limited, we observed inversion effects for angry and neutral faces which were absent in the unlimited trials. In the unlimited condition, inversion particularly affected recognition of disgust and sadness. No general inversion effect occurred for neutral expressions. Error analysis highlighted specific confusions for the inverted condition, except for happy and neutral expressions. Hence, emotion recognition is affected by inversion--an indicator for configural processing, and presentation time--an indicator for cognitive effort of processing.
反复研究表明，面部倒置会影响对面部表情的识别。然而，先前的研究结果在受影响的情绪方面存在异质性，且呈现时间的影响尚不清楚。我们研究了在128名健康的年轻成年人识别基本情绪的过程中，有限呈现时间（200毫秒）对面部倒置效应的影响。数据分析显示，情绪表达存在不同的倒置效应，呈现时间的限制进一步改变了这种效应：当呈现时间有限时，我们观察到愤怒和中性面孔的倒置效应，而在无时间限制的试验中则不存在。在无时间限制的条件下，倒置尤其影响对厌恶和悲伤表情的识别。中性表情未出现普遍的倒置效应。错误分析突出了倒置条件下的特定混淆情况，但快乐和中性表情除外。因此，情绪识别受倒置（一种构型加工指标）和呈现时间（一种加工认知努力指标）的影响。
