Perry R J, Hunt A J, Huffman D R
Appl Opt. 1978 Sep 1;17(17):2700-10. doi: 10.1364/AO.17.002700.
Measurements have been made to determine all sixteen elements of the Mueller scattering matrix for two types of nonspherical particles. Rounded particles of ammonium sulfate and nearly cubic particles of sodium chloride in the 0.1-1.0-mum size range have been prepared by nebulizing salt water solutions and drying the droplets. Scanning electron micrographs are used to determine size distributions used in Mie calculations of all matrix elements. The expected symmetry of the scattering matrices across the diagonal was confirmed, and the expected eight of the sixteen elements were found to be zero within measurement accuracy. The rounded particles were found accurately to obey Mie theory, while the cubic particles were poorly described by Mie theory for some matrix elements and some angles. Total intensity and linear polarization measurements are presented also for a series of increasing sizes of rounded and cubic particles. A discussion of the effect of nonsphericity on the various matrix elements is given, and applications of these results are given to analysis of particle properties in the laboratory, the clouds of Venus, reflection nebulae, the zodiacal light, and atmospheric particulates.
已进行测量以确定两种非球形颗粒的穆勒散射矩阵的所有16个元素。通过雾化盐水溶液并干燥液滴，制备了尺寸范围在0.1 - 1.0微米的硫酸铵圆形颗粒和氯化钠近立方颗粒。扫描电子显微镜图像用于确定在所有矩阵元素的米氏计算中使用的尺寸分布。证实了散射矩阵沿对角线的预期对称性，并且在测量精度范围内发现16个元素中的预期8个为零。发现圆形颗粒精确地遵循米氏理论，而对于一些矩阵元素和一些角度，立方颗粒用米氏理论描述得很差。还给出了一系列尺寸不断增加的圆形和立方颗粒的总强度和线性偏振测量结果。讨论了非球形对各种矩阵元素的影响，并将这些结果应用于实验室中的颗粒特性分析、金星云层、反射星云、黄道光和大气颗粒物。
