解剖学的解剖:现代化的回顾。

The anatomy of anatomy: a review for its modernization.

机构信息

School of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, United Kingdom.

出版信息

Anat Sci Educ. 2010 Mar-Apr;3(2):83-93. doi: 10.1002/ase.139.

Abstract

Anatomy has historically been a cornerstone in medical education regardless of nation or specialty. Until recently, dissection and didactic lectures were its sole pedagogy. Teaching methodology has been revolutionized with more reliance on models, imaging, simulation, and the Internet to further consolidate and enhance the learning experience. Moreover, modern medical curricula are giving less importance to anatomy education and to the acknowledged value of dissection. Universities have even abandoned dissection completely in favor of user-friendly multimedia, alternative teaching approaches, and newly defined priorities in clinical practice. Anatomy curriculum is undergoing international reformation but the current framework lacks uniformity among institutions. Optimal learning content can be categorized into the following modalities: (1) dissection/prosection, (2) interactive multimedia, (3) procedural anatomy, (4) surface and clinical anatomy, and (5) imaging. The importance of multimodal teaching, with examples suggested in this article, has been widely recognized and assessed. Nevertheless, there are still ongoing limitations in anatomy teaching. Substantial problems consist of diminished allotted dissection time and the number of qualified anatomy instructors, which will eventually deteriorate the quality of education. Alternative resources and strategies are discussed in an attempt to tackle these genuine concerns. The challenges are to reinstate more effective teaching and learning tools while maintaining the beneficial values of orthodox dissection. The UK has a reputable medical education but its quality could be improved by observing international frameworks. The heavy penalty of not concentrating on sufficient anatomy education will inevitably lead to incompetent anatomists and healthcare professionals, leaving patients to face dire repercussions.

摘要

无论国家或专业如何,解剖学在医学教育中一直是基石。直到最近,解剖和讲授课程还是其唯一的教学法。随着更多地依赖模型、成像、模拟和互联网来进一步巩固和增强学习体验,教学方法已经发生了革命性的变化。此外,现代医学课程对解剖学教育的重视程度降低,对解剖学的公认价值也降低了。大学甚至完全放弃了解剖,转而采用用户友好的多媒体、替代教学方法和新定义的临床实践优先级。解剖学课程正在进行国际改革,但目前的框架在机构之间缺乏统一性。最佳学习内容可以分为以下几种模式:(1)解剖/切片,(2)互动多媒体,(3)程序解剖,(4)表面和临床解剖,(5)成像。多模态教学的重要性,以及本文中提出的例子,已经得到广泛认可和评估。然而,解剖教学仍然存在一些持续的限制。存在的实质性问题包括解剖时间和合格解剖学教师人数的减少,这最终会降低教育质量。本文还讨论了替代资源和策略,以试图解决这些实际问题。挑战在于恢复更有效的教学工具,同时保持正统解剖学的有益价值。英国拥有声誉良好的医学教育,但通过观察国际框架,其质量可以得到提高。不集中精力进行足够的解剖学教育的严重后果将不可避免地导致不合格的解剖学家和医疗保健专业人员,使患者面临可怕的后果。

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