Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, Peninsula Medical School (University of Exeter), Plymouth, UK.
Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2010 Apr-Jun;82(4-6):231-6. doi: 10.1016/j.plefa.2010.02.018. Epub 2010 Mar 4.
It is widely accepted that, in type 2 diabetes, elevated levels of free fatty acids and glucose contribute to a state of glucolipotoxicity in which beta-cell function declines and, ultimately, cell viability is compromised. This suggests that beta-cells do not readily tolerate chronic elevations in fatty acid levels. In vitro studies suggest, however, that beta-cells respond differentially to long chain fatty acids, such that saturated species are lipotoxic whereas long chain mono-unsaturated fatty acids can provide cytoprotection. This difference does not appear to be mediated by a mutual metabolic antagonism between saturated and unsaturated species (although differential alterations in neutral lipid disposition may occur in response to these fatty acids) and the mechanisms remain unclear. This review summaries the current understanding of the actions of mono-unsaturated fatty acids in beta-cells and highlights areas of controversy as well as key unresolved issues which require to be addressed.
人们普遍认为，在 2 型糖尿病中，游离脂肪酸和葡萄糖水平升高会导致糖脂毒性状态，β细胞功能下降，最终细胞活力受到损害。这表明β细胞不能轻易耐受脂肪酸水平的慢性升高。然而，体外研究表明，β细胞对长链脂肪酸的反应不同，使得饱和脂肪酸具有脂毒性，而长链单不饱和脂肪酸则可以提供细胞保护。这种差异似乎不是由饱和和不饱和物种之间的相互代谢拮抗作用（尽管这些脂肪酸可能会导致中性脂质分布的差异改变）介导的，其机制仍不清楚。本文综述了目前对单不饱和脂肪酸在β细胞中作用的认识，并强调了争议领域以及需要解决的关键未决问题。
