Hildebrand Joanna, Zaleśny Grzegorz
Zakład Parazytologii, Instytut Genetyki i Mikrobiologii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. Przybyszewskiego 63, 51-148 Wrocław.
Wiad Parazytol. 2009;55(4):389-93.
Trematodes of the class Digenea are parasites with complex life cycles and often use small mammals as definitive hosts; however, they are usually not highly prevalent in this group of mammals. In our work the patterns of occurrence of digeneans parasitizing small mammals were analyzed. The surveys were conducted at four locations, i.e., irrigation fields (Osobowice), a water distribution area (Mokry Dwor), recreational grounds (Redzin forest), and Nature Reserve "Stawy Milickie". Overall 894 rodents were examined. During investigation we identified flukes representing the following species and groups: Brachylaima recurva, Brachylecithum glareoli, Echinostomatinae sp., and Plagiorchis elegans. The digeneans were reported from all studied locations and were present in Apodemus agrarius, A. flavicollis and Myodes glareolus. The statistical analysis showed significant qualitative and quantitative differences in infections with digeneans among examined animals. The highest prevalence of infection with flukes was reported in A. agrarius (28.8%) with the maximum value--78.2% in the Nature Reserve "Stawy Milickie"; only at this location the co-infection with three and two trematode species were found. The differences in occurrence of Brachylaima sp., Echinostomatinae sp., and Plagiorchis sp. found in ,,Stawy Milickie" were not statistically significant; the flukes occupied the small intestine of A. agrarius at the same frequency. For comparison, digenetic trematode infection in the yellow necked mouse Apodemus flavicollis was dramatically lower (overall prevalence 2.8%) than in the striped field mouse A. agrarius, and flukes were reported only in Mokry Dwor (5.1%) and Milicz (5.9%). The bank voles Myodes glareolus were infected with two trematode species, i.e., Plagiorchis elegans (1.3%), and Brachylecithum glareoli (19.2%), and these parasites were reported only in the water distribution area. Aside from two accidental reports of dicrocoeliid trematodes found in Osobowice, Brachylecithum glareoli was reported mainly in bank voles M. glareolus collected from Mokry Dwor, which could indicate both host and site specificity for this species. Our results showed that the food habits of hosts species and site-specific conditions could be taken into consideration as potential factors affecting the trematode fauna of rodents.
复殖目吸虫是具有复杂生命周期的寄生虫，通常以小型哺乳动物作为终末宿主；然而，它们在这类哺乳动物中的感染率通常并不高。在我们的研究中，分析了寄生于小型哺乳动物的复殖吸虫的出现模式。调查在四个地点进行，即灌溉田（奥索博维采）、配水区（莫克里德沃）、休闲场地（雷津森林）和“斯塔维米利基”自然保护区。总共检查了894只啮齿动物。在调查过程中，我们鉴定出了代表以下物种和类群的吸虫：弯短盘吸虫、黄颈短腺吸虫、棘口科吸虫属未定种和优美斜睾吸虫。在所有研究地点均发现了这些复殖吸虫，它们寄生于黑线姬鼠、黄颈姬鼠和林姬鼠体内。统计分析表明，受检动物感染复殖吸虫的情况在定性和定量方面存在显著差异。黑线姬鼠的吸虫感染率最高（28.8%），在“斯塔维米利基”自然保护区达到最大值——78.2%；仅在该地点发现了三种和两种吸虫的混合感染。在“斯塔维米利基”发现的短盘属吸虫、棘口科吸虫属未定种和斜睾属吸虫的出现差异无统计学意义；这些吸虫在黑线姬鼠小肠内的寄生频率相同。相比之下，黄颈姬鼠的复殖吸虫感染率显著低于黑线姬鼠（总体感染率2.8%），仅在莫克里德沃（5.1%）和米利茨（5.9%）发现了吸虫感染。林姬鼠感染了两种吸虫，即优美斜睾吸虫（1.3%）和黄颈短腺吸虫（19.2%），这些寄生虫仅在配水区被发现。除了在奥索博维采偶然发现的两例双腔科吸虫报告外，黄颈短腺吸虫主要在从莫克里德沃收集的林姬鼠中被发现，这可能表明该物种具有宿主和地点特异性。我们的结果表明，宿主物种的食性和特定地点条件可被视为影响啮齿动物吸虫动物区系的潜在因素。
