Department of Land and Water Resources Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden.
Chemosphere. 2010 Apr;79(6):659-64. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.02.035. Epub 2010 Mar 9.
The mineral-based filter material Polonite was tested for its PO4 removal capacity in column and full-scale systems using synthetic and domestic wastewater. Three long-term experiments (67, 68 and 92 wk), operated under different hydrological conditions, were compared. The best PO4 removal capacity (97%) was observed in an intermittent saturated column fed with a synthetic solution (530 L m(-2) d(-1)) without organic matter during 68 wk. An unsaturated column system using municipal wastewater (76.7 L m(-2) (-1)) showed no tendency for PO4 breakthrough and effluent PO(4) concentration was still low (0.2 mg L(-1)) after 67 wk. For a compact bed filter containing 560 kg of Polonite and fed with 70 m(3) of wastewater from a single house, the average PO4 removal was 89% after 92 wk of operation. The column experiments revealed that a design volume of 1-2 kg of material of a particle size of 2-5mm was required amount for treating 1m(3) of wastewater in on-site systems operating at target 90% P mass removal. Poor pre-treatment of the wastewater was suggested to reduce the phosphate removal capacity of Polonite in the bed filter trial, where 8 kg were required per m(3). To measure pH of the treated effluent water proved not to be a simple tool for determining when the filter material is exhausted and should be replaced.
采用柱式和全尺寸系统，用合成废水和生活污水对矿物基过滤材料 Polonite 的除磷能力进行了测试。比较了在不同水文条件下运行的三个长期实验（67、68 和 92 周）。在 68 周的时间里，用合成溶液（530 L m(-2) d(-1)）间歇饱和柱连续进料，没有有机物，观察到最好的除磷能力（97%）。使用市政污水（76.7 L m(-2) (-1)）的非饱和柱系统没有出现磷穿透的趋势，经过 67 周后，出水 PO(4)浓度仍然很低（0.2 mg L(-1)）。对于一个含有 560 公斤 Polonite 的紧凑型床过滤器，用 70 立方米来自单个房屋的废水进行处理，在 92 周的运行后，平均除磷率为 89%。柱式实验表明，对于在目标 90%磷质量去除率下运行的现场系统，每处理 1m(3)废水需要 1-2 公斤、粒径为 2-5mm 的材料，这是处理 1m(3)废水所需的材料量。建议对废水进行预处理，以减少床过滤器试验中 Polonite 的除磷能力，在床过滤器试验中，每立方米需要 8 公斤。事实证明，测量处理后出水的 pH 值并不是确定过滤材料何时耗尽并应更换的简单工具。
