Smith P J, Shepherd D, Edwards J S
Dept. of Zoology, University of Cambridge, UK.
Bioessays. 1991 Feb;13(2):65-72. doi: 10.1002/bies.950130204.
There is a growing recognition, stemming from work with both vertebrates and invertebrates, that the capacity for neuronal regeneration is critically dependent on the local microenvironment. That environment is largely created by the non-neuronal elements of the nervous system, the neuroglia. Therefore an understanding of how glial cells respond to injury is crucial to understanding neuronal regeneration. Here we examine the process of repair in a relatively simple nervous system, that of the insect, in which it is possible to define precisely the cellular events of the repair process. This repair is rapid and well organised; it involves the recruitment of blood cells, the division of endogenous glial elements and, possibly, migration from pre-existing glial pools in adjacent ganglia. There are clear parallels between the events of repair and those of normal glial development. It seems likely that the ability of the insect central nervous system to repair resides in the retention of developmental capacities throughout its life and that damage results in the activation of this potential.
越来越多的认识源于对脊椎动物和无脊椎动物的研究，即神经元再生能力严重依赖于局部微环境。该环境主要由神经系统的非神经元成分——神经胶质细胞形成。因此，了解神经胶质细胞如何对损伤作出反应对于理解神经元再生至关重要。在这里，我们研究一种相对简单的神经系统——昆虫神经系统的修复过程，在这种系统中可以精确界定修复过程中的细胞事件。这种修复迅速且组织有序；它涉及血细胞的募集、内源性神经胶质细胞成分的分裂，以及可能从相邻神经节中预先存在的神经胶质细胞库迁移而来。修复事件与正常神经胶质细胞发育事件之间存在明显的相似之处。昆虫中枢神经系统的修复能力似乎在于其一生都保留着发育能力，而损伤会激活这种潜能。
