Cytotoxic effects of acoustic cavitation on HT-29 cells and a rat peritoneal carcinomatosis in vitro.

Damage to cells and tissues exposed to shock waves (SWs) is thought to be secondary to cavitation phenomena involving the collapse of gas bubbles in a fluid. Using HT-29 cells and DHDK12PROb tumors, we tried to enhance SW-related damage by the simultaneous administration of gas microbubbles. Bubbles resulted from a mixture of air and gelatin (HT-29 cells) or from a carbonated NaCl solution (tumors). HT-29 cells in suspension received either SW (50, 250, or 1000 SWs) alone or in association with bubbles. Trypan blue-negative cells decreased as the number of SWs increased. Exposure to SWs and bubbles resulted in not only an increased but also a delayed mortality as compared to SWs only. One thousand SWs with bubbles induced a complete inhibition of cell growth, with cytoplasmic vacuolae, ruptured membranes, and abnormal nuclear shape and chromatin. Exponential and confluent cells exhibited a similar mortality and growth. DHDK12PROb tumors received either SWs only (50, 100, 250, 500, or 1000 SWs) or SWs with bubbles in vitro. Thymidine incorporation was significantly lower after exposure to SWs with bubbles as compared with controls and SWs only; it was nil by 1000 SWs with bubbles. Histopathological features of tumors exposed to SWs with bubbles included erosion and hemorrhage, disorganized structure, pyknotic nuclei, and cytoplasmic vacuolae. We conclude that cavitation, as produced by a combination of SWs and gas microbubbles, can achieve bioeffects which are relevant to cancer therapy.