Budhathoki S, Poudel P, Shah D, Bhatta N K, Dutta A K, Shah G S, Bhurtyal K K, Agrawal B, Shrivastava M K, Singh M K
Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal.
Nepal Med Coll J. 2009 Sep;11(3):170-5.
Poisoning is a common preventable cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Most of the poisoning in children less than 5 years of age is accidental. Objective of the study was to study the clinical profile and outcome of childhood poisoning and intoxication. This was a retrospective study done in patients who were admitted in pediatric wards and pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences with history of ingestion of poison or intoxication or envenomation firom January 2005 to June 2008. The data collected were analyzed with SPSS 12.0 software. There were 122 children enrolled in study. Male: female ratio was 1.4:1. The mean age of presentation was 5.8 years. Among 122 patients, 43.4% received pre-referral treatment in the form of gastric lavage, atropine etc. Organophosphorus poisoning was the commonest poisoning seen in 55 (45.1%) patients followed by hydrocarbon 12 (9.8%), mushroom 10 (8.2%) and organochlorine 10 (8.2%) poisoning. During treatment, 50.0% received antidotes. 55.7% received antibiotics, gastric lavage and anticonvulsants were required in 43.4% and 13.9% respectively. Overall survival was 87.4%. The time interval between intoxication and presentation to hospital, mean Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and presence of coma (GCS <8) were significantly different between survivors and expired cases. In conclusion, organophosphorus is the commonest agent involved in childhood poisoning. Overall, the outcome is good with 87.4% survival in our hospital. The time gap between the poisoning and presentation to hospital and presence of coma predict mortality.
中毒是儿童发病和死亡的常见可预防原因。5岁以下儿童的中毒大多是意外中毒。本研究的目的是研究儿童中毒和中毒的临床特征及转归。这是一项回顾性研究，研究对象为2005年1月至2008年6月在BP Koirala健康科学研究所儿科病房和儿科重症监护病房（PICU）住院的有中毒、中毒或蛇咬伤史的患者。收集的数据用SPSS 12.0软件进行分析。共有122名儿童参与研究。男女比例为1.4:1。就诊时的平均年龄为5.8岁。在122例患者中，43.4%接受了洗胃、阿托品等转诊前治疗。有机磷中毒是最常见的中毒类型，55例（45.1%）患者出现，其次是碳氢化合物中毒12例（9.8%）、蘑菇中毒10例（8.2%）和有机氯中毒10例（8.2%）。治疗期间，50.0%的患者接受了解毒剂治疗。55.7%的患者接受了抗生素治疗，43.4%和13.9%的患者分别需要洗胃和抗惊厥治疗。总体生存率为87.4%。幸存者和死亡病例在中毒至入院的时间间隔、平均格拉斯哥昏迷量表（GCS）评分以及昏迷状态（GCS<8）方面存在显著差异。总之，有机磷是儿童中毒最常见的毒物。总体而言，我院的治疗效果良好，生存率为87.4%。中毒至入院的时间间隔和昏迷状态可预测死亡率。
