不断发展和组合面部合成：比较目击者间和目击者内变形。

Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, UK.

J Exp Psychol Appl. 2010 Mar;16(1):72-86. doi: 10.1037/a0018801.

Student participant-witnesses produced 4 composites of unfamiliar faces with a system that uses a genetic algorithm to evolve appearance of artificial faces. Morphs of 4 composites produced by different witnesses (between-witness morphs) were judged better likenesses (Experiment 1) and were more frequently named (Experiment 2) by participants who were familiar with the target actors than were morphs of 4 composites produced by a single witness (within-witness morphs). Within-witness morphs were judged better likenesses and more frequently named than the best or the first-produced individual composites. The same results for likeness judgments were observed after possible artifacts in the comparison of between- and within-witness morphs were eliminated (Experiment 3). Experiment 4 showed that both internal and external features were better represented in morphs than in the original composites, although the representation of internal features improved more. The results suggest that morphing improves the representation of faces by reducing random error. Between-witness morphs yield more benefit than within-witness morphs by reducing consistent but idiosyncratic errors of individual witnesses. The experiments provide the first demonstration of an advantage for within-witness morphs produced using a single system. Experiment 2 provides the first demonstration of a reliable advantage for between-witness morphs in the most forensically relevant task: naming a composite of a familiar person produced by a witness who was unfamiliar with the target. Morphing would enhance the recognition of facial composites of criminals. Within-witness morphing provides a methodology for use in crimes in which the victim is the only witness.

学生参与者证人使用遗传算法生成人工面孔的外观来生成 4 个不熟悉面孔的组合。由不同证人生成的 4 个组合的变形（证人之间的变形）比由单个证人生成的 4 个组合的变形（证人内变形）更被参与者认为是相似的（实验 1），并且更频繁地被参与者识别（实验 2），参与者熟悉目标演员。与最佳或首次生成的单个组合相比，证人内变形被认为更相似，并且更频繁地被命名。在排除了在证人之间和证人内变形之间的比较中可能存在的人工制品之后（实验 3），对相似性判断也观察到了相同的结果。实验 4 表明，尽管内部特征的表示改善得更多，但变形中的内部和外部特征都比原始组合更好地表示。结果表明，通过减少随机错误，变形可以改善面孔的表示。与证人内变形相比，证人之间的变形通过减少个别证人的一致但特殊的错误提供了更多的好处。这些实验首次证明了使用单个系统生成的证人内变形的优势。实验 2 首次证明了在最具法证相关性的任务中，证人之间的变形具有可靠的优势：命名不熟悉目标的证人制作的熟悉人的组合。变形将增强对罪犯面部组合的识别。证人内变形提供了一种在只有受害者作为证人的犯罪中使用的方法。