Suppr超能文献

温室生产中的农药径流。

Pesticide runoff from greenhouse production.

机构信息

Bioforsk soil and envionment, F. A. Dahls v. 20, N-1432, Akershus, Norway.

出版信息

Water Sci Technol. 2010;61(6):1373-81. doi: 10.2166/wst.2010.040.

Abstract

A research has been undertaken studying pesticide residues in water from greenhouses and the use of soils and filter materials to reduce such losses. The pesticides detected in water samples collected downstream greenhouses include 9 fungicides, 5 herbicides and 4 insecticides. 10 compounds from flower and vegetable productions were frequently found to exceed environmental risk levels, and with a few exceptions the compounds were found in higher concentrations than those typically found in agricultural runoff. Some compounds were found in high concentrations (>1 microg/l) in undiluted runoff from greenhouses producing vegetables. Nutrient concentrations in the runoff were also sporadically very high, with phosphorous values varying between 0.85 and 7.4 mg P/l, and nitrogen values between 7.5 and 41.4 mg N/l. Undiluted runoff from the productions showed values of 60 mg P/l and 300 mg N/l. High values of pesticides correlated with high values of nutrients, especially P. Column experiments using a sandy agricultural soil and stock solutions of non-polar and slightly polar pesticides mixed with a complex binder and nutrients showed a significant reduction for nearly all of the compounds used, indicating that transport through soil will reduce the concentrations of the studied pesticides. The pesticide adsorption capacity of the filter materials pine bark, peat, Sphagnum moss, compost, oat straw, ferrous sand and clay soil were tested in batch and column experiments. Adsorption were studied contacting the filter materials with aqueous solutions containing greenhouse production pesticides. The batch experiments showed that pine bark and peat, both combining a high content of organic matter with a low ph, provided the highest adsorption for most of the tested pesticides. Sphagnum moss, compost and oat straw also showed high adsorption for most of the pesticides, while the mineral filters provided the lowest adsorption (30-55%). Further column experiments confirmed these results, displaying the best removal efficiency in the organic materials, varying from 200 microg/g in compost, to 500 microg/g in moss, straw and pine bark.

摘要

已经开展了一项研究,研究内容为温室水中的农药残留以及使用土壤和过滤材料来减少这种损失。在收集的下游温室水样中检测到的农药包括 9 种杀菌剂、5 种除草剂和 4 种杀虫剂。经常发现来自花卉和蔬菜生产的 10 种化合物超过环境风险水平,而且除了少数例外,这些化合物的浓度都高于农业径流中通常发现的浓度。一些化合物在生产蔬菜的温室未经稀释的径流中浓度很高(>1μg/l)。径流中的养分浓度也偶尔非常高,磷值在 0.85 到 7.4mg P/l 之间变化,氮值在 7.5 到 41.4mg N/l 之间变化。未稀释的生产径流显示磷值为 60mg P/l,氮值为 300mg N/l。高浓度的农药与高浓度的营养物质,尤其是磷有关。使用含有非极性和弱极性农药的 stock 溶液与复杂的结合剂和养分进行的柱实验表明,对于几乎所有使用的化合物,都有显著的减少,这表明通过土壤的运输将减少所研究的农药的浓度。在批量和柱实验中测试了松树皮、泥炭、泥炭藓、堆肥、燕麦秸秆、铁砂和粘土的过滤材料的农药吸附能力。通过将过滤材料与含有温室生产农药的水溶液接触来研究吸附。批量实验表明,松树皮和泥炭,两者都含有高含量的有机物和低 ph 值,为大多数测试的农药提供了最高的吸附。泥炭藓、堆肥和燕麦秸秆也对大多数农药表现出高吸附,而矿物过滤器的吸附能力最低(30-55%)。进一步的柱实验证实了这些结果,显示出有机材料的最佳去除效率,从堆肥中的 200μg/g 到苔藓、秸秆和松树皮中的 500μg/g 不等。

文献AI研究员

20分钟写一篇综述,助力文献阅读效率提升50倍。

立即体验

用中文搜PubMed

大模型驱动的PubMed中文搜索引擎

马上搜索

文档翻译

学术文献翻译模型,支持多种主流文档格式。

立即体验