Department of Biobehavioral Sciences, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York City, New York, USA.
J Voice. 2011 May;25(3):e123-37. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2009.12.007. Epub 2010 Apr 8.
To test the hypothesis that extensive use of La MaMa vocal technique may result in symptoms of vocal abuse, an evaluation of the acoustic and perceptual characteristics of voice for eight performers from the Great Jones Repertory Company of the La MaMa Experimental Theater was conducted. This vocal technique includes wide ranges of frequency from 46 to 2003 Hz and vocal intensity that is sustained at 90-108 dB sound pressure level with a mouth-to-microphone distance of 30 cm for 3-4 hours per performance.
The actors rehearsed for 4 hours per day, 5 days per week for 14 weeks before the series of performances. Thirty-nine performances were presented in 6 weeks. Three pretraining, three posttraining, and two postperformance series data collection sessions were carried out for each performer. Speech samples were gathered using the CSL 4500 and analyzed using Real-Time Pitch program and Multidimensional Voice Program. Acoustic analysis was performed on 48 tokens of sustained vowel phonation for each subject. Statistical analysis was performed using the Friedman test of related samples. Perceptual analysis included professional listeners rating voice quality in pretraining, posttraining, and postperformance samples of the Rainbow Passage and sample lines from the plays.
The majority of professional listeners (11/12) judged that this technique would result in symptoms of vocal abuse; however, acoustic data revealed statistically stable or improved measurements for all subjects in most dependent acoustic variables when compared with both posttraining and postperformance trials.
These findings add support to the notion that a technique that may be perceived as vocally abusive, generating 90-100 dB sound pressure level and sustained over 6 weeks of performances, actually resulted in improved vocal strength and flexibility.
为了验证这样一个假说，即广泛使用拉玛玛声乐技术可能会导致发声滥用的症状，我们对来自拉玛玛实验剧院大琼斯剧团的 8 名演员的声音进行了声学和感知特征评估。这种声乐技术包括从 46 赫兹到 2003 赫兹的广泛频率范围，以及在 30 厘米的嘴到麦克风距离下持续 90-108 分贝声压级的声音强度，每次表演持续 3-4 小时。
演员们在演出前的 14 周内，每天排练 4 小时，每周排练 5 天。在 6 周内进行了 39 场演出。对每位演员进行了三次预训练、三次后训练和两次演出后的系列数据收集。使用 CSL 4500 收集语音样本，并使用实时音高程序和多维声音程序进行分析。对每个受试者的 48 个持续元音发声进行了声学分析。使用 Friedman 相关样本检验对统计分析。感知分析包括专业听众对 Rainbow Passage 预训练、后训练和后表演样本以及戏剧选段的声音质量进行评分。
大多数专业听众（11/12）认为这种技术会导致发声滥用的症状；然而，与后训练和后表演试验相比，在大多数依赖声学变量中，所有受试者的声学数据显示出稳定或改善的测量结果。
这些发现支持了这样一种观点，即一种可能被认为是发声滥用的技术，产生 90-100 分贝的声压级，并持续 6 周的表演，实际上导致了声音强度和灵活性的提高。
