[Leiomyoma of the trachea; report of a case].

Leiomyoma of the trachea is a rare benign tumor. The patient was a 44-year-old male with a chief complaint of cough. Chest X-ray and computed tomography (CT) scan demonstrated a tracheal tumor. Bronchofiberscopy revealed a polypoid round tumor in the trachea. The tumor originated from the membranous portion of the trachea without narrow stalk. Tracheal circumferential resection with primary end-to-end anastomosis was performed via right postero-lateral thoracotomy, and postoperative course was uneventful. Definitive diagnosis of tracheal leiomyoma was made by histological examination. Although the reports of transbronchial endoscopic treatment for tracheal leiomyoma were increasing, tracheal resection was selected for this case considering the risk of perforation of the membranous portion of the trachea.