GlaxoSmithKline, 5 Moore Drive, Mailtstop V-287, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
Pharmacol Rev. 2010 Jun;62(2):265-304. doi: 10.1124/pr.108.000992. Epub 2010 Apr 14.
It is useful to consider seven transmembrane receptors (7TMRs) as disordered proteins able to allosterically respond to a number of binding partners. Considering 7TMRs as allosteric systems, affinity and efficacy can be thought of in terms of energy flow between a modulator, conduit (the receptor protein), and a number of guests. These guests can be other molecules, receptors, membrane-bound proteins, or signaling proteins in the cytosol. These vectorial flows of energy can yield standard canonical guest allostery (allosteric modification of drug effect), effects along the plane of the cell membrane (receptor oligomerization), or effects directed into the cytosol (differential signaling as functional selectivity). This review discusses these apparently diverse pharmacological effects in terms of molecular dynamics and protein ensemble theory, which tends to unify 7TMR behavior toward cells. Special consideration will be given to functional selectivity (biased agonism and biased antagonism) in terms of mechanism of action and potential therapeutic application. The explosion of technology that has enabled observation of diverse 7TMR behavior has also shown how drugs can have multiple (pluridimensional) efficacies and how this can cause paradoxical drug classification and nomenclatures.
将七跨膜受体(7TMRs)视为能够变构响应多种结合伴侣的无序蛋白质是很有用的。将 7TMR 视为变构系统,可以根据调节剂、导管(受体蛋白)和许多客体之间的能量流来考虑亲和力和效力。这些客体可以是其他分子、受体、膜结合蛋白或细胞质中的信号转导蛋白。这些能量的有向流动可以产生标准的经典客体变构作用(药物作用的变构修饰)、沿细胞膜平面的作用(受体寡聚化)或指向细胞质的作用(作为功能选择性的差异信号转导)。本综述根据分子动力学和蛋白质集合理论讨论了这些明显不同的药理学效应,这往往使 7TMR 对细胞的行为趋于统一。将特别考虑作用机制和潜在治疗应用方面的功能选择性(偏向激动剂和偏向拮抗剂)。使观察多种 7TMR 行为成为可能的技术爆炸也表明了药物如何具有多种(多维)效能,以及这如何导致矛盾的药物分类和命名。