National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza Research Centre, Isamilo Road, P,O Box 1462, Mwanza, Tanzania.
Reprod Health. 2010 May 12;7:6. doi: 10.1186/1742-4755-7-6.
BACKGROUND: Many programmes on young people and HIV/AIDS prevention have focused on the in-school and channeled sexual and reproductive health messages through schools with limited activities for the young people's families. The assumption has been that parents in African families do not talk about sexual and reproductive health (SRH) with their children. These approach has had limited success because of failure to factor in the young person's family context, and the influence of parents. This paper explores parent-child communication about SRH in families, content, timing and reasons for their communication with their children aged 14-24 years in rural Tanzania. METHODS: This study employed an ethnographic research design. Data collection involved eight weeks of participant observation, 17 focus group discussions and 46 in-depth interviews conducted with young people aged 14-24 years and parents of young people in this age group. Thematic analysis was conducted with the aid of NVIVO 7 software. RESULTS: Parent-child communication about SRH happened in most families. The communication was mainly on same sex basis (mother-daughter and rarely father-son or father-daughter) and took the form of warnings, threats and physical discipline. Communication was triggered by seeing or hearing something a parent perceived negative and would not like their child to experience (such as a death attributable to HIV and unmarried young person's pregnancy). Although most young people were relaxed with their mothers than fathers, there is lack of trust as to what they can tell their parents for fear of punishment. Parents were limited as to what they could communicate about SRH because of lack of appropriate knowledge and cultural norms that restricted interactions between opposite sex. CONCLUSIONS: Due to the consequences of the HIV pandemic, parents are making attempts to communicate with their children about SRH. They are however, limited by cultural barriers, and lack of appropriate knowledge. With some skills training on communication and SRH, parents may be a natural avenue for channeling and reinforcing HIV/AIDS prevention messages to their children.
背景：许多针对年轻人和艾滋病预防的项目都侧重于在校内开展性与生殖健康教育，并通过学校渠道向年轻人的家庭传播信息，但这些活动对年轻人的家庭关注有限。人们普遍认为，非洲家庭的父母不会与子女谈论性与生殖健康问题。这种方法收效甚微，因为没有考虑到年轻人的家庭背景和父母的影响。本文探讨了坦桑尼亚农村地区家庭中父母与 14-24 岁子女就性与生殖健康问题进行沟通的内容、时机和原因。
方法：本研究采用了民族志研究设计。数据收集包括 8 周的参与式观察、17 次焦点小组讨论和 46 次 14-24 岁年轻人及其父母的深入访谈。在 NVIVO 7 软件的辅助下进行了主题分析。
结果：大多数家庭都存在父母与子女就性与生殖健康问题进行沟通。这种沟通主要是在同性之间（母亲与女儿之间，很少有父亲与儿子或父亲与女儿之间），形式主要是警告、威胁和体罚。沟通的触发因素是父母看到或听到他们认为负面的事情，不希望自己的孩子经历（例如，由于艾滋病毒导致的死亡和未婚年轻人怀孕）。虽然大多数年轻人与母亲相处比与父亲相处更轻松，但由于担心受到惩罚，他们对向父母透露信息持不信任态度。父母在性与生殖健康问题上的沟通受到限制，原因是缺乏适当的知识和文化规范，限制了异性之间的互动。
结论：由于艾滋病毒流行的后果，父母正在尝试与子女就性与生殖健康问题进行沟通。然而，他们受到文化障碍和缺乏适当知识的限制。通过一些沟通和性与生殖健康方面的技能培训，父母可能是向子女传播和强化艾滋病预防信息的自然途径。
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