A case-oriented approach exploring the relationship between visual and vestibular disturbances and problems of higher-level mobility in persons with traumatic brain injury.

Dizziness and impaired balance are common complaints after traumatic brain injury as a result of injuries to many systems. Ambient visual and vestibular system impairments are strong contributors to imbalance and dizziness, often leading to problems with spatial orientation and gaze stability during movement. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of visual-vestibular impairments common to traumatic brain injury and summarize the contribution impairments in these systems will have on higher-level mobility. Standard visual and vestibular tests and measures are described and summarized, followed by several case presentations discussing the examination and evaluation processes and interventions chosen for visual-vestibular difficulties and their relationship to higher-level mobility.